管鼻蝠属内一中国支系的小时间尺度演化机制研究

Small time-scale diversification mechanism of specific organisms not only holds the key to untangling a foundational evolutionary question regarding adaptive evolution and heterogeneous biodiversity, but also services as a bridge linking microevolution and macroevolution. High biodiversity and heterogeneous bio-traits that adapted to different habitats rank tube-nosed bats (Murina) as ideal taxa for integrating studies involving the sophisticated interactions among biotic, abiotic factors and diversification mechanism. Nevertheless, their unique habits resulting in difficulties in sampling hinder the studies regarding taxonomy and evolutionary history. In this project, diversification mechanism of one clade of tube-nosed bats that inhabited in China are focused on through the ways involving expanding and strengthening the regional field survey, analyzing on collected specimens and scientific cooperations, which could greatly improve status of Murina specimen repository in China. Through the Parallel Tagged Amplicon Sequencing (PTAS) based upon Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), 18 mitochondrial and nuclear genes of every individual in the clade are sequenced in order to reconstruct the evolution process involving micro-evolutionary and macro-evolutionary progress. Through the phylogenetic comparative methods that integrating phylogenetic, morphologic and biogeographic data and results, the key abiotic factor, biotic traits and historical biogeographic events that had historically affected the diversification progress is identified and analyzed. Through these efforts we aim to summarize their small time-scale diversification mechanism and infer the sophisticated relations between microevolution and macroevolution.

小时间尺度的支系演化机制不仅是生物适应进化的核心问题, 更是连接生物微进化与宏进化之桥。管鼻蝠（Murina）是典型森林性蝙蝠，国内资源丰富，形态各异，是研究演化机制的天然素材，但由于标本难以获取，其分类学与进化学研究严重滞后，物种多样性被严重低估。本项目以管鼻蝠属内一中国分布的支系为研究对象，通过野外调查、馆藏标本整理及科研互助合作等手段收集足够标本，完善我国管鼻蝠资源库。运用基于第二代测序的并行标记扩增测序技术获取个体18个基因片段序列，整合系统发育学和亲缘地理学技术与方法还原该支系从微进化至宏进化的演化进程，结合古地质与古气候学记录探讨环境变迁对支系演化的影响。运用系统发育比较学的方法整合形态学、生物地理学与系统发育学数据，鉴别对支系演化具有潜在作用的表征与关键的生物地理事件。最终，融合跨学科多角度的分析结果探讨在小时间尺度下的该支系演化驱动力与机制以及微进化与宏进化的内在联系。

小时间尺度的支系演化机制不仅是生物适应进化的核心问题, 更是连接生物微进化与宏进化之桥。管鼻蝠（Murininae）是典型森林性蝙蝠，国内资源丰富，形态各异，是研究演化机制的天然素材，但由于标本难以获取，其分类学与进化学研究严重滞后，物种多样性被严重低估。课题组对我国南部管鼻蝠模式产地及生物多样性热点地区进行了针对翼手目的调查，共获得管鼻蝠标本294号。结合形态学、分子系统学、声学和影像色彩学证据，课题组完成了对所采集标本的物种厘定工作，澄清传统分类学上的疑难。以厘定结果为基础，课题组筛选出种化机制研究所需样本8种（支系）100号，运用二三代测序及重测序等技术对该支系的演化历程进行种上水平与近缘种及种下水平分析，通过整合形态学、影像学、声学及生态学数据运用系统发育比较学方法探讨在小时间尺度下的该支系演化驱动力与机制以及微进化与宏进化的内在联系。现阶段已完成18种管鼻蝠的中高覆盖度的de novo测序与组装工作，二三代混合测序及重测序实验也在开展中，我们期待在分辨率更高的遗传水平上还原该支系的演化历程，构建出从微进化至宏进化上演化框架。课题开展4年内课题组发现一管鼻蝠新种、三个中国蝙蝠新记录种、10余个省新记录，参编专著2部，发表学术论文21篇(SCI论文8篇、核心期刊10篇)，培养生态、进化与分类为主的硕士生7名。