伏牛山系木生真菌物种多样性和重要类群系统发育研究

Lignicolous fungi are important parts both in forest ecosystems and of biodiversity. The edible and medicinal value of lignicolous fungi and its application in industrial production bring economic benefits to humans. But as wood decay fungi and forest pathogens, they can also cause a large amount of loss. There are abundant resources of lignicolous fungi in Funiu Mountain. But the purview of previous research is not comprehensive. And the classification was carried out only relying on traditional morphological taxonomy. Some species may be misidentified. So a comprehensive and systematic investigation of lignicolous fungi in this area should be carried out. The current project will focus on investigating and collecting lignicolous fungi in natural forest and economic forest of Funiu Mountain. The lignicolous fungal diversity will be revealed and the database, specimens and strains library in this area will be established. Based on morphological taxonomy, multi-gene fragments will be used to analyze the relationships and phylogeny among species. The misidentification will be corrected and new species may be discovered. The classification system will be revised. The result will benefit fungal systematics and evolutionary research of fungi. At the same time, it will be the scientific basis for protecting ecological environment and wild endangered species in China. High-quality strains for local edible mushroom industry and strategies to prevent pathogens and pests in economic forest will also be provided.

木生真菌是森林生态系统和生物多样性的重要组成部分，木生真菌的食药用价值及其在工业生产中的应用给人类带来经济效益，同时作为木材腐朽菌和林木病原菌也造成大量损失。伏牛山系木生真菌资源丰富，以往的研究调查范围均不全面，且多依靠传统的形态分类，存在种类鉴定不准确的问题，对该地区木生真菌全面系统的调查研究尚有待完成。本项目拟对伏牛山系各种类型的天然林区和经济林区开展大规模木生真菌资源调查和采集，明确该地区木生真菌的物种多样性，建立伏牛山系木生真菌资源信息库、标本库和菌种库，在形态学研究的基础上，利用多基因片段，分析物种间亲缘关系与系统进化关系，解决种类鉴定不准确的问题，发现新物种，建立更合理的分类体系，为真菌系统学研究和起源演化历史推断提供可靠数据。同时，为我国生态环境和野生濒危物种保护提供科学依据，为本地食用菌产业提供优质菌种，为该地区经济林病虫害提供防治策略。

木生真菌具有重要的生态价值和经济价值，伏牛山系地处北亚热带向暖温带的过渡区域，森林类型和树木种类丰富，为木生真菌生长提供了丰富的基质。本项目对伏牛山系主要自然保护区和森林公园开展了木生真菌资源调查和采集工作，共获得标本780余份，准确鉴定木生真菌210种，分离得到食药用真菌菌种6种，明确了该地区木生真菌资源多样性，建立了伏牛山系木生真菌资源信息库、标本库、DNA库。以形态学研究为基础，利用多基因联合矩阵，对Trametopsis、Phellodon、Crepidotus等属进行了的系统发育分析，发现木生真菌新物种12种，河南省新纪录种21种，建立了更合理的木生真菌分类体系。为真菌系统学研究和起源演化历史推断提供了可靠数据，为我国生态环境和木生真菌资源保护提供了科学依据，分离得到的食药用真菌为本地食用菌产业提供优质的种质资源。