It’s been all along that new Hevea clone cultivation lacks the reference of structure and properties of natural rubber, and that the breeding cycle is as long as over 30 years, which seriously hinders the process of quality-oriented breed improvement and updating of rubber tree. In this project, two of the most critical aspects of breeding, i.e. hybridization and agamogenesis (bud grafting), are selected, and the correlation of molecular structure between hybrids and its parental strains, clone and its bud strains will be studied, as well as the change law of rubber structure with the increase of tree-age. Based on the relevant laws obtained and the molecular structure characteristics of different source strains, this project is supposed to provide guiding basis for breeding on chosing appropriate clone for hybridization and agamogenesis, acording to the special requirement of natural rubber properties by different fields.
一直以来,橡胶树新品种的培育缺乏橡胶分子结构与性能的依据,育种周期长达30年以上,严重阻碍了橡胶树以质量为导向的品种改良和更新的进程。本项目选取橡胶树育种最为关键的两个环节——有性杂交和无性繁殖(芽接),通过研究杂交品系与其亲本品系、无性系与其芽接品系之间的分子结构相关性,以及幼苗橡胶分子结构随树龄增长的变化规律,以期在获得相关规律、掌握不同品系源的分子结构特性的基础上,为橡胶树育种根据不同领域对天然橡胶的特殊性能要求,选择适合的品系作为亲本进行杂交、嫁接提供指导依据。
按照项目计划书执行,研究了杂交品系与其亲本品系、无性系与其芽接品系之间的分子结构相关性,以及幼苗橡胶分子结构随树龄增长的变化规律。结果发现,天然橡胶(NR)在加工和贮存过程中形成的生胶网络结构(凝胶)会影响品系间分子量相关性分析,为避免此影响,可通过转酯化反应或在胶乳中加入恒粘剂将凝胶拆解为“原生”线性分子;杂交品系热研7-33-97综合了其父本RRIM600和母本PR107的分子量及分布特点,实生树嫁接后的无性系的分子量分布由近似单峰分布变成了典型的双峰分布,说明品种杂交不但可实现橡胶树的高产化,更可获得设计的NR分子量及分子量分布;随树龄增长,NR分子量分布曲线中的双峰位置几乎保持不变,但双峰的相对高低发生规律性的变化。进一步,系统研究了不同橡胶树品系、制样工艺和植胶区域(马来西亚霹雳州和中国海南、广东)所得NR的分子结构和性能。结果显示,引进的橡胶树品系在我国种植基本无变异(甚至分子量更高些),所谓“国产胶比进口胶的分子量低”的论断是没有根据的;采用自研工艺制备出力学性能优于业界公认的马来西亚1#烟片的NR,打破了“中国天然橡胶不行论”,为我国研发特种领域所需高性能天然橡胶提供了可能。通过项目研究,提出了高性能天然橡胶的新技术指标、橡胶树品种筛选和生胶制备关键技术,并建立中试生产线,产品通过相关兵器研制单位的考核验证,目前正在承担国防科工局军品配套研制任务。执行期内,发表学术论文4篇,申请发明专利3项,获批国防科工局项目1项、省级重点研发计划2项。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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