核桃对胶胞炭疽菌抗性的全方位基因模型解析

Walnut (Juglans regia) is an important woody oil species in China, and walnut anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Pens is a disastrous disease in walnut production. The whole genome of walnut has been sequenced and released, with a size of 667 Mbp and contains 32498 genes. According to the idea of “Omnigenic” model, the 65 walnut varieties (lines) and 84 F1 hybrids were re-sequenced and 12 million SNP were identified with aligning the cleaned unique reads to the walnut reference genome. GWAS and QTL were carried out with the population of walnut varieties (lines) and hybrid population, respectively. The integration analysis was employed to determine the walnut anthracnose resistance core geng/loci and peripheral gene/loci, meanwhile the regulatory pathways and networks of the walnut anthracnose resistance geng/loci were analyzed. The gene/loci introgression and genome selection effect were tested, and the core collection of disease resistance germplasm in walnut was selected. The results will facilitate to use for genomic navigating molecular module design to disease resistant breeding in walnut. Hence, the project is of great theoretical and practical significance.

核桃（Juglans regia）是我国重要的木本油料战略树种，由Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Pens引起的核桃炭疽病是核桃生产中的灾难性病害。核桃全基因组已完成测序并释放，大小为667Mbp，包含32498个基因。本项目利用全方位基因模型理念，对65份核桃品种（系）和84个F1杂种后代进行重测序，以核桃基因组为参考，筛选1200万个SNP；在品种（系）材料中进行GWAS分析，在杂交群体材料中进行QTL分析，整合分析结果，确定核桃炭疽病抗性核心基因和外围基因位点，定位这些位点和区域所处的调控途径和调控网络；解析抗性核心基因和相关热点区域的基因渐渗，检验抗病基因位点的基因组选择效应，筛选核桃抗病核心种质，为实施基因组导航的“分子模块”抗病育种奠定基础。因此，本项目具有重要的理论和应用价值。

核桃（Juglans regia）是我国重要的木本油料战略树种，由Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Pens引起的核桃炭疽病是核桃生产中的灾难性病害。本项目利用全方位基因模型理念，对184份核桃种质材料进行重测序，以核桃基因组为参考，获得了3,761,563个高质量SNP位点。对该群体进行GWAS分析，整合转录组分析结果，确定核桃炭疽病抗性核心基因和外围基因位点，其中Jr07_08350（Juglans regia uncharacterized protein C1450.15-like）基因在感病材料的启动子区发生了SNP位点突变（T→G）；qRT-PCR 结果表明Jr07_08350基因在抗病材料中的表达量显著高于感病材料。Jr13_27650（WD repeat-containing protein C2A9.03-like）基因在抗病材料的外显子区发生了A→G（亮氨酸→丝氨酸）的突变，该基因在抗病材料中的表达量也显著高于感病材料。完成了核桃果实青皮组织在胶孢炭疽菌侵染 0 h，侵染后 24、48、72、120 hpi 的转录组和蛋白质组分析；在核桃果实青皮组织中筛选到了 96 个与炭疽病抗性相关的核心 lncRNAs 及其 124 个已知可注释的靶基因。发表相关研究论文 2 篇，获批了“一种核桃体细胞胚生根和炼苗移栽的方法”发明专利 1 项，培养毕业硕士研究生 3 名。该项目解析了参与核桃抗胶孢炭疽菌的核心基因，蛋白及调控网络，准确定位了与核桃抗炭疽病相关的关键位点和区域，筛选了核桃抗病核心种质，为实施基因组导航的“分子模块”抗病育种奠定基础。