东北地区积雪中沙尘和黑碳单颗粒特征及其对雪面反照率的影响研究

The Northeast China, with high latitudes and high strength of industrial and agricultural activities, is an ideal area to study the effects of deposited aerosol particles (dust and black carbon) on the snow surface albedo. This project intends to study the impact of deposited aerosols on the snow albedo in Northeast China by the field measurements and model simulations. The spatial sampling and monitoring over the study region combined with located snowpack observations will be carry out in this project. Based on the technique of individual particle analysis, we will further study the microscopic morphology changes (e.g. aging) and mineralogical composition (What), dry and wet deposition rates and concentration distribution of particles in snow (How many), variation characteristics of snow albedo and comparison with model simulations (How to) and quantify the respective contributions of dust and black carbon during the atmosphere - snow process. This study will reduce the uncertainties of radiative forcing caused dust / black carbon which deposited on snow, and even provide important basic data and theoretical basis for related studies of regional climate change, snow hydrological processes, and satellite-based remote sensing inversion of the physical properties of dirty snow.

高强度工农业活动的高纬度东北地区，是研究大气沉降气溶胶颗粒（沙尘和黑碳）对积雪反照率影响的理想地点。本项目拟在中国东北地区开展沉降气溶胶对积雪反照率的影响研究，将空间分布采样与定位雪坑剖面观测相结合、野外测量与模型模拟相结合，以单颗粒分析技术为主，从微观的角度来定点深入研究气-雪过程中，颗粒物形貌变化和矿物组成特征（有什么）、颗粒物干湿沉降速率和积雪中三维浓度分布（有多少）、积雪反照率变化特征和模拟对比（怎么样），定量化明确沙尘和黑碳的各自贡献量，以降低沙尘/黑碳作用于雪反照率辐射强迫估算的不确定性，为区域气候变化、冰雪水文过程以及基于卫星遥感反演雪冰物理特性等相关研究提供重要的基础数据和理论依据。

积雪和冰川对气候变化极其敏感，经大气传输和沉降至积雪中的黑碳和沙尘颗粒可有效降低积雪反照率，吸收更多的太阳辐射并促使区域雪场融化加速。近年来，气溶胶-雪-辐射耦合研究项目逐渐成为研究热点，系统化研究气溶胶颗粒(含组份变化)的大气-雪-冰过程及降低雪面反照率进而影响辐射强迫的过程，已成为目前评估气溶胶与雪冰对气候系统影响过程中亟需解决的科学问题之一。本项目在中国东北地区开展沉降气溶胶对积雪反照率的影响研究，野外测量与模型模拟相结合，创新开发了脏雪波谱反照率模型（SAMDS模型），可为区域气候变化、冰雪水文过程以及基于卫星遥感反演雪冰物理特性等相关研究提供重要的基础数据和理论依据。同时，本项目进一步开展了东北地区沙尘模型对比、秸秆焚烧的颗粒物排放模拟、挥发性有机物排放和臭氧分布的数值模拟研究，为区域尺度开展我国东北地区沉降气溶胶对区域气候影响奠定了理论和数据基础。