不确定环境下再制造系统能效提升与生态友好机制研究

High energy efficiency and low emission are the new challenges for remanufacturing system under the background of circular economy strategy. In light of the remanufacturing issues such as the lack of effective energy conservation and emission reduction (ECER) model and the vagueness of eco-friendly mechanism, this project, regarding the heavy truck diesel engine as the study objective, will initiate the research of energy efficiency promotion and eco-friendly mechanism of remanufacturing from three hierarchies: equipment layer, process chain layer, and industry layer. Through enterprise investigations, experiments, and theoretical analysis, we propose the representation and mathematical description method for the uncertainties in remanufacturing system, illuminate the energy consumption and emission characterizations of typical remanufacturing equipment, reveal the dynamic revolution and disturbance law of energy consumption and emission in remanufacturing process chain under uncertain factors and explore the ECER optimization approach for remanufacturing processes. A scientific data allocation approach is proposed considering that the remanufacturing is featured with open-loop recycling. In order to reveal the eco-friendly mechanism of remanufacturing, we establish the comparative attributional life cycle assessment model for remanufactured engine and original manufactured engine from product layer, and build the marketable marginal change based consequential life cycle assessment model from the industry layer. The achievements of this project will provide basic theories and approaches for ECER and energy optimization in remanufacturing system, and also provide support for the promotion of remanufacturing product and industry under the background of circular economy.

高能效和低排放是循环经济战略对再制造系统提出的新挑战。针对目前再制造节能减排模型缺乏、再制造产品环境友好机制不明确等问题，本项目以重卡柴油发动机为研究案例，从设备层、工艺链层、产业层三个层次上，开展不确定环境下再制造系统能效提升与生态友好机制的研究。通过企业调研、试验和理论分析相结合的方式，提出再制造系统不确定性表征与数学描述方法，阐明典型再制造设备的能耗与排放特性，揭示不确定性因素作用下的再制造工艺链能耗与排放全过程动态演变及扰动规律，提出再制造工艺过程的节能减排优化途径。针对再制造系统开环循环的特点，提出科学的数据分配方法，从产品层面建立发动机新品与再制造品归因生命周期评价和对比模型，从产业层面建立基于市场边际变动影响的再制造产品归果生命周期评价模型，揭示再制造系统环境友好机制。研究成果为再制造系统节能减排、能效优化提供基础理论与方法，为循环经济战略下再制造产品和产业的推广提供支撑。

再制造业作为典型的绿色循环产业，也应当走高效节能、环境友好的发展道路。由于再制造系统构成更复杂，不确定性存在于各个环节，使得再制造系统能效提升更为困难。本项目以重卡柴油发动机为研究案例，从设备层、工艺链层和产业层三个层次，开展不确定环境下再制造系统能效提升与生态友好机制的研究。通过企业调研、试验和理论分析相结合的方式，阐述了发动机再制造系统不确定性内涵和类型，研究了再制造系统不确定性数学描述和传递方法，提出了不确定损伤零件再制造的可持续性评价方法。搭建了机械装备能耗监测平台，研究了激光熔覆系统的耗能机理，建立了激光熔覆系统整机参数化能耗模型。提出了集成设备选择和参数优化的两阶段再制造设备能效优化方法，综合考虑加工时间、工艺路线不确定性以及并行机、批处理机同时存在的问题，提出了再制造工艺链系统的批量调度及能效提升方法，通过设备层面和工艺链层的能效建模优化，实现再制造系统多层面的节能减排。针对再制造系统不确定性环境下产生的能耗瓶颈漂移现象，分析系统瓶颈指数及其波动性，实现了能耗瓶颈漂移的可视化，揭示了能耗瓶颈漂移规律。在产业层面分析了市场边际变动影响，基于可计算一般均衡模型，构建了发动机再制造系统能效提升的宏观环境效益评估模型，阐明了能效提升所产生的宏观经济环境效益，揭示了再制造系统环境友好机制。研究成果为再制造系统节能减排、能效优化提供基础理论与方法，为循环经济战略下再制造产品和产业的推广提供支撑。