Firmicutes (mainly Clostridum spp.) will become the majority of gut microbiota if a high-sugar/high-fat diet ingested, and results in the overenergy ingestion of the body. But it remains unclear about the role that Clostridum spp. play during the process, including the following aspects: the main scource of the glycan-hydrolyzing enzymes, the contribution of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) during overenergy ingestion, the impact of Clostridum spp. on the production and absorption of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and the factors influencing the expression of fasting -induced adipose factor (FIAF). No report has been found on the role of gut Clostridum spp. during the over-ingesting of energy by building the relationship between the distribution of Clustridum spp. and the relative factors of energy ingestion based on the decomposition of dietary fibres (DFs). The proposed project will approach the above questions through following procedure: three types of rats with overweight, slim and normal body weight will be bred; then be dissected to analyze its diversity of Clostridium communtiy in the colon. Molecular biological techniques such as terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (TRFLP) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), together with RNA-sequencing technology will be used to examine the expression difference of Clostridium spp. The amount of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in blood and the types and activity of glycan-hydrolyzing enzymes in colon will also be determined. Then, some rats will be fed with a standard diet by adding three different doses of DFs in order to examine the distribution of short chain fatty acids in blood and colon, the amount of remaining DFs in feces and the expression of FIAF in colonic mucosal epithelial cells. The relationship between the relative factors of gut Clostridium spp. and the overenergy ingesting of body would be established by combining with the utilization rate of main nutrients in food. Though these studies, the project could reveal the role of gut Clostridium spp. in body overenergy intake and provide the foundations for preventing and controlling obesity by diets.
高糖高脂饮食使肠道中厚壁菌(梭菌为主)占优,导致机体过度摄入能量,但对肠道梭菌的作用在以下几个方面仍未被阐明:多糖水解酶的主要来源、短链脂肪酸对能量摄入的贡献、梭菌占优对细菌脂多糖的产生与吸收的影响以及对FIAF表达的影响等。基于膳食纤维(DF)在肠道的分解建立肠道梭菌与热量摄入相关因子的联系以阐明梭菌在热量过度摄入中的作用未见报道。项目拟通过饮食培育三种体态鼠,用TRFLP和DGGE技术分析不同体态鼠结肠梭菌的分布,用RNA-seq技术检测梭菌基因表达差异,并分析血液和结肠中脂多糖的含量变化和多糖水解酶的种类和活性;然后给喂含不同剂量DF的饮食,分析血液和结肠中短链脂肪酸的分布、粪便中DF残留量及结肠上皮细胞FIAF表达的变化,最后结合不同体态鼠对食物中主要营养素的利用率,建立梭菌有关的因素与能量过度摄入的联系,阐明梭菌的作用,为饮食调节肥胖的发病率提供理论依据。
许多研究认为肠道菌群与宿主的能量摄入水平有关,而且是宿主形成肥胖的重要原因。本研究构建了肥胖和正常体态大鼠的模型,将两种模型分别摄入两种高膳食纤维(HDF)饮食【高大豆纤维( HSF)和高低聚果糖(HFOS)饮食】,通过16S rDNA测序分析大鼠肠道菌群结构,比较在连续8周的HDF饮食控制下两类宿主肠道菌群的变化,并在实验过程中记录大鼠的体重,监测大鼠血液脂多糖和瘦素水平,以及粪便短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)含量,以揭示肠道菌群对宿主能量摄入的影响。研究结果显示:.1)正常大鼠在HSF和HFOS饮食期间的体重增幅均显著大于肥胖大鼠(P<0.01),HDF饲料使正常大鼠肠道菌群的多样性增加(P<0.01),并促进了拟杆菌的生长(P<0.05),而肥胖大鼠的肠道菌群变化不显著。因此,肥胖大鼠摄入两种HDF饮食时,其肠道菌群并未令其获得更多的能量;在正常大鼠的肠道中,HDF饲料诱导增殖的拟杆菌(多糖水解能力较强)显著多于肥胖大鼠,其肠道菌群多样性的增幅也高于肥胖大鼠,这可能导致正常大鼠摄取更多的能量。.2)摄入HSF时,正常大鼠的肠道双歧杆菌未发生显著变化(P>0.05),乳酸菌丰度降低(P<0.05); 肥胖大鼠肠道的双歧杆菌和乳酸菌均有减少的趋势,但双歧杆菌的变化不显著(P>0.05)。摄入HFOS时,正常肥胖大鼠肠道的双歧杆菌均呈现先显著升高(P<0.05),再显著下降(P<0.05)的趋势;而乳酸菌的丰度在正常大鼠肠道中显著升高(P<0.05),在肥胖大鼠中显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,益生菌与能量摄入未发现直接的相关性。.3)大鼠体重增幅较大时其血液瘦素水平也较高,厚壁菌与拟杆菌的比值随着大鼠体重的增加而降低,粪便SCFAs含量随着拟杆菌含量的增多而增多,血液脂多糖水平随着革兰氏阴性菌含量的升高而升高。正常大鼠瘦素水平在后期显著升高证明了其能量摄入的显著增加;而大鼠粪便中SCFAs含量的增加也证明大鼠肠道菌群从HDF饲料中释放能量的能力的提升。此外,血液中的LPS与能量摄入的关系并不显著。.结论:本研究表明肠道菌群的变化是由饮食中的食物成分和能量组成调控的,它是大鼠形成肥胖或者正常体态的结果,而不是形成肥胖的原因。此外,该研究还首首次发现大鼠长期摄入低聚果糖时,肠道双歧杆菌的含量并不是一直处于高水平。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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