荒漠化地区新能源并网发电生态环境耦合效应及政策决策

In the face of the national development strategy of low carbon power electricity, the modes and features of grid-connected wind/photovoltaic/biological power generation are studied. Based on national environmental policy, fragile ecology and accelerated desertification in Ningxia, the coupling effect of grid-connected wind and photovoltaic power generation on ecological environment in Ningxia is studied. Firstly, the impact of wind and photovoltaic power generation on ecological environment in Ningxia are separately researched and the models are established, especially the environmental pollution caused by the process of grid-connected power generation. Secondly, the impact of the world's first 660kV DC power transmission line with wind and thermal power on its surrounding environment is discussed. This includes the impact of DC magnetic field of total electric field and power frequency magnetic field of AC lines on people, plants and animals, the impact of the interference wave of transmission line on the nearby wired and wireless devices, the impact of corona discharge and audible noise of high voltage transmission line on the surrounding environment. Thirdly, the coupling effect of all various of distributed new energy power generation and high voltage transmission system on ecological environment is considered to set up a new evaluation model of the coupling effect between region new energy power generation and environment. Finally, on the basis of the above, an evaluation model of power policy decision and an environment benefit model of wind/photovoltaic/biological power policy are established based on desertification constraint and low carbon constrain, which advices policy suggestions and references that are helpful for the coordinated development of new energy power generation and environment.

面对国家低碳电力发展战略，研究风/光/生物新能源发电并网方式及特点；结合国家环保政策和宁夏生态脆弱和荒漠化加剧趋势，研究风/光等新能源并网发电对宁夏区域生态环境的耦合作用影响。首先分别研究风光等新能源发电对宁夏生态环境的影响并建立模型，特别是并网发电过程对环境的污染；其次，研究风/火打捆输电背景下世界首条660KV直流输电线路对周边环境的影响，包括：合成场强直流磁场以及交流线路工频电磁场对人和动植物产生影响，输电线路干扰波对邻近有线和无线电装置产生影响，高压线路电晕可听噪声对周围环境的影响；再次，考虑多种类分布式新能源发电和高压输电系统对生态环境造成的耦合作用，建立一种新型区域新能源发电环境耦合效应评估模型；最后，在环境耦合效应评价基础上，基于荒漠化约束与低碳约束，建立发电政策决策评估模型和风/光/生物发电政策环境效益模型，为制订有利于宁夏新能源发电和环境协调发展提供政策建议与借鉴。

面对智能电网特点和国家低碳经济发展战略，宁夏生态环境荒漠化趋势，研究了风、光等新能源发电系统结构、组件性能检测与故障诊断、并网运行测控技术；探讨了风/光等新能源并网发电对宁夏区域生态环境的影响及生态效益；基于生态效益和碳排放，探讨了分布式新能源发电系统储能系统的容量优化配置，为制订有利于西北荒漠化地区新能源发电和环境协调发展提供政策建议与借鉴。 . 首先研究了风、光等新能源发电系统的运行测控技术，包括新能源发电系统设备结构、电路拓扑、新能源发电以微网形式并网的逆变器性能检测、逆变器故障诊断、逆变器与微网的控制策略、基于阻抗测量的光伏发电微网系统孤岛检测技术等。 . 其次，分析了宁夏及周边地区生态环境面临的压力，探究风、光等新能源并网发电系统及相关高压输电线路对生态环境的影响，建立其生态环境效益评估模型，包括风力发电效益建模、光伏并网发电生建模、屋顶光伏离网发电系统效益建模、牧民新区建筑光伏发电系统效益建模，风/火打捆输电背景下660KV 直流输电线路对周边生态环境的影响，后者包括：合成场强、直流磁场的影响，输电线路干扰波对邻近有线和无线电装置产生的影响，高压线路电晕及可听噪声的影响，考虑多种类分布式新能源发电和高压输电系统对生态环境造成的综合作用，建立一种区域新能源发电环境效应评估模型，特别是风光互补发电厂的生态评估模型。 . 最后，结合风光等新能源并网发电性能检测及测控策略要求，基于生态环境要求，根据低碳和全生命周期费用等约束，研究了风光新能源发电系统位置布局、储能系统的容量优化方法，特别是基于遗传算法、改进粒子群算法和NASH均衡理论，构建了一个以环境指标和经济效益指标为参与者的博弈问题，以经济成本和环境效益的博弈均衡点为目标函数的配置策略下，经济成本增加了1.2%，环境指标减少了5.2%，从而平衡了经济性指标和环境性指标，进而提出了新能源发电政策决策评估方法，为制订有利于宁夏新能源发电和环境协调发展提供政策建议与借鉴。