考虑水力稳定性的水泵水轮机优化设计研究

Reversible pump-turbine is of high technicality in the hydraulic power industry. It is compared to the crown jewel in the hydraulic power technique. There are many scientific and technical issues that need to be solved. Reversible pump-turbine is investigated in this project. The research will be carried out by combining design theory of hydraulic machinery, numerical simulation, optimization analysis with model measurement of inside and outer performance. A multivariable and multi-objective optimization system for multiple operation conditions will be built. The system will be then utilized to develop the pump-turbine runners with high efficiency, no-cavitation and high hydraulic stability. Relationship mechanism of the design variables with not only the steady-state hydraulic performances but also the unsteady flow characteristics, such as pressure fluctuations, hump in pump performance curve and S character in turbine mode, will be analyzed and discussed. The quantitative and qualitative relationship between the design variables and performance objectives will be established. The guide for design geometric parameters and hydrodynamic parameters of the pump-turbine runners will be proposed. The project will provide scientific direction for reducing the pressure vibration and improving the operation stability in the development of the pump-turbines with high-head and large-capacity. The project also has important practical significance in the engineering design of large-scale pump-turbine in our country.

可逆式水泵水轮机是水力发电行业中技术含量极高的设备，被喻为行业技术中“皇冠上的明珠”，需要解决的科学和技术问题众多。本项目以可逆式水泵水轮机为研究对象，基于水力机械设计理论、数值计算、优化分析，并结合模型内外特定试验开展研究。通过构建多变量多目标多工况的优化设计系统，开发出效率高、无空化且运行稳定的水泵水轮机转轮，分析探讨设计变量与机组稳态水力性能以及压力脉动、泵驼峰和水轮机“S”形特性等复杂非定常流动的关联机理，建立设计变量与性能目标之间的定量或定性的关系，提出高性能水泵水轮机转轮几何参数和水动力参数的设计指南。项目的开展将为降低高水头大容量的水泵水轮机机组的压力脉动、提高运行稳定性提供科学指导，对提高我国大型水泵水轮机水力设计水平具有重要应用价值。

可逆式水泵水轮机由于其流道双向运行，工况多变，需要解决的科学和技术问题众多。本项目以可逆式水泵水轮机，主要是其核心部件转轮为主要研究对象，基于水力机械设计理论、数值计算、优化分析，并结合模型内外特 性试验开展优化设计和流动分析研究。通过将全三维反问题设计方法、CFD数值计算、试验设计（DoE）、响应面方法（RSM）和多目标遗传算法（MOGA）等利用iSIGHT软件平台有机结合，开发了可用于水力机械转轮的多变量多目标多工况的优化设计平台；将非定常流动特性，主要是非定常流动诱发压力脉动特性引入多变量多目标多工况的优化设计中以控制机组内部流动分离和旋涡生成。模型测试和内部流动计算分析表明，研发的转轮效率高，空化性能好，压力脉动幅值低，且机组“S”区特性显著改善。项目通过理论分析、数值计算和试验测试，阐明了设计变量与机组稳态水力性能以及压力脉动、水轮机“S”区特性等复杂非定常流动的关联机理，建立了设计变量与机组内、外特性之间的定量和定性关系，提出了高性能水泵水轮机转轮几何参数和水动力参数的设计指南。本项目为降低高水头大容量的水泵水轮机机组的压力脉动、提高运行稳定性提供科学指导，对提高我国大型水泵水轮机水力设计水平具有重要应用价值。