基于杯芳烃模块的新型单组分磷氮膨胀型阻燃剂的合成及阻燃机理研究

The intumescent flame retardant is limited in use due to poor heat resistance, large amounts of addition, poor compatibility and negative effects on mechanical properties of the polymer matrix. Through molecular design, a novel mono-component phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant based on calixarene block is synthesized in this research by grafting phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant on calixarene. The novel flame retardant has good thermal stability, high flame retardant efficiency, and good compatibility with the polymer matrix. Flame retardant polystyrene (PS) foam composites with good flame retardant properties and mechanical properties is prepared by adding the novel momo-component phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant. The flame retardant mechanism of the flame retardant system is studied. Furthermore, the evaluation of fire characteristics of the flame retardant PS foam is studied in order to comprehensively evaluate the fire hazard of the flame retardant PS foam. This program can provide an important experimental and theoretical basis for the building of novel intumescent flame retardant with high efficiency and environmental friendly property and the investigation on the flame retardant mechanism, and also provide important theoretical supports for the safe use of insulation materials used in exterior wall of building.

针对膨胀型阻燃剂耐热性差，添加量大，与聚合物基体相容性差，影响聚合物基体的物理机械性能等弊端，通过分子设计，将具有良好热稳定性的杯芳烃模块与磷氮膨胀模块结合，合成热稳定性好、阻燃效率高且与聚合物基体相容性好的基于杯芳烃模块的新型单分子磷氮膨胀型阻燃剂，并用于制备具有良好阻燃性能和力学性能的阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫；系统深入研究阻燃体系的阻燃机理；同时开展阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫的火灾特性评价研究，对阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫的火灾危险性进行全面评价。本项目的成功运行可以为构筑高效、环保的新型膨胀型阻燃剂分子及其阻燃作用机制的研究提供重要的实验基础和理论依据，为高分子材料的安全使用提供重要理论支持。

本项目完成了基于杯芳烃模块的新型单组分磷氮膨胀型阻燃剂的合成方法及合成工艺的研究，进一步获得了具有良好耐热性的基于杯芳烃模块的新型单组分磷氮膨胀型阻燃剂。进一步研究开发出具有火灾危险性较低、环境友好、力学性能优异的基于杯芳烃模块的单组分磷氮膨胀阻燃PS复合材料，从本质上阐明了基于杯芳烃模块的单组分磷氮膨胀阻燃PS的阻燃机理。同时通过小尺寸燃烧实验和大尺寸实体火灾实验，获得了阻燃PS材料燃烧特性参数，并通过小尺寸燃烧实验预测阻燃材料在真实火灾中燃烧行为的科学方法，完成对基于杯芳烃模块的单组分磷氮膨胀阻燃PS复合材料的火灾危险性的全面评价。研究开发的新型单组份膨胀型阻燃剂具有良好的应用前景。同时，基于本项目的成果，发表了论文11篇，其中SCI 7篇，申请国家发明专利4项。项目实施过程中培养专业硕士研究生7名。