西北地区农户现代灌溉技术采用研究：社会网络、学习效应与采用效率

Low efficiency of modern irrigation technology has been a bottleneck to motivate farmers' income and agricultural transformation in the arid and semi-arid regions. This project introduces social learning into studying farmers' modern irrigation technology adoption issues, which expends traditionaltheoretical research paradigm of techniques and is the key to understand farmers' dynamic process in technology adoption. Try to explore the relationship among social networks of farmers, social learning and the use of modern irrigation technology mechanism, and aim at solving "decision-making mechanism","learning effect", "social interaction and efficiency matching between social network and extension service" and other key issues, based on household survey data, typical cases and experimental data. To investigate the formation and evaluation of farmers' decision-making mechanism in period of initially adopted technology by applying the ordered weighted average operator (OWA) method; discuss the process of irrigation technology uses and measure "learning by doing effect" and "social learning effect" by using target input model (TIM); illustrate interaction roles between social network and extension service in farmers' irrigation technology adoption using structural equation model (SEM); discribe the adoption efficiency and its influencing factors under various matchs on social networks and extension service by DEA-Tobit model estimation. Finally, systemetical views and policy recommendations about innovation and promotion of farmers' using irrigation technology should be proposed.

较低的现代灌溉技术采用效率，一直是干旱半干旱地区农民增收和农业转型的瓶颈。将社会学习引入农户现代灌溉技术采用问题的研究，既是对传统技术采用与推广理论研究范式的拓展，也是理解农户技术采用动态过程的关键。本项目运用农户调查资料、典型案例和实验数据，探究农户社会网络、社会学习与现代灌溉技术采用三者之间的关联机理，试图解决技术采用中"决策机制"、"学习效应"、"社会网络与推广服务的交互作用及其匹配效率"等关键问题。拟采用有序加权平均算子（OWA）方法探讨农户技术评价形成和初次采用决策机制；应用目标投入模型（TIM）对灌溉技术采用过程中"干中学"和社会学习效应进行描述与测度；利用结构方程（SEM）模拟社会网络与推广服务对农户灌溉技术采用行为的交互作用；利用DEA-Tobit模型探寻社会网络与推广服务匹配提高推广效率的有效性及其影响因素，提出农户灌溉技术采用与推广制度创新的思路和政策建议。

较低的现代灌溉技术采用效率，一直是干旱半干旱地区农民增收和农业转型的瓶颈。本项目运用陕、甘、宁2231户农户调查资料，探究农户社会网络、社会学习与现代灌溉技术采用三者之间的关联机理，试图解决技术采用中“决策机制”、“学习效应”、“社会网络与推广服务的交互作用及其匹配效率”等关键问题。首先，从网络学习、网络互动、网络互惠和网络信任四个维度表征农户社会网络，并构建测度量表，揭示社会网络对农户技术采用的影响机理和作用路径，实证检验社会网络与农户技术采用呈现倒 U 型的影响关系。考察农户信息获取渠道来源，探讨农户信息获取渠道选择偏好，进一步实证分析社会网络和技术推广两种主要信息渠道对农户节水灌溉技术采用影响，探寻干中学与社会学习对农户节水灌溉技术采用影响机理，实证估计干中学与社会学习的作用效应，研究社会网络与推广服务对农户灌溉技术采用行为的交互作用，分析社会网络情景下农户灌溉技术采用效率。最后，提出农户灌溉技术采用与推广制度创新的思路和政策建议。