中国黄海和东海底栖猛水蚤目区系与动物地理学研究

Abstract: The Order Harpacticoida belongs to the Subphylum Crustacea, Order Maxillopoda, Suborder Copepoda. Harpacticoida is a very important meiofaunistic group, which is usually the second most abundant meiofaunistic group after the free-living nematods in marine sediment. It is distributed from seashore to deep sea. Harpacticoids are good indicators of the marine sedimental environment, which can be used as a monitor of the changes of marine environment. Harpactidoids have important values in the research of marine ecology and biodiversity and monitoring of marine environment. Study on the taxonomy and zoogeography of harpacticoids are insufficient in global region, mainly focusing on Atlantic in European oceans. The survey is scanty in Indo-Pacific section. The benthic harpacticoids from the China seas have been poorly investigated. There is almost no investigation and research on the faunistic and zoogeographical analysis of the benthic harpacticoids from Chinese waters with exception of the Bohai Gulf, in which, only few harpacticoid species have been reported. The present project will clarify the faunistic status and zoogeographic characteristics of the harpacticoids from the Bohai Gulf, Yellow Sea and East China Sea based on a comprehensive research on the taxonomy, fauna and zoogeography of benthic harpacticoids from the China seas. We carry out the project by observing and identifying under optic microscopy,combined with molecular menthod. The results of this study may provide database and background information to the marine science, economic development, and the environmental conservation.

猛水蚤目隶属甲壳动物亚门，颚足纲，桡足亚纲，是海洋沉积物中继自由生活的线虫之后，第二丰富的小型底栖生物类群，从海滨至深海均有分布。猛水蚤是环境改变的指示种，可用于指示环境健康状况，具有重要生态学、生物多样性研究和环境保护实用价值。世界上对猛水蚤的分类学和动物地理学研究还不充分，国外主要集中在欧洲大西洋沿岸，印度-太平洋海域的研究相对较少。我国对海洋底栖猛水蚤的分类学和动物地理学研究非常少，除渤海有零星的报道外，其他海域的研究基本处于空白。本研究拟在收集和掌握了大量文献资料和标本的基础上，采用传统的形态学观察和现代分子手段相结合的方法对我国黄渤海和东海的底栖猛水蚤目进行全面系统的分类学和区系研究，搞清中国的种类、资源分布状况以及动物地理学特征，系统阐明中国黄渤海和东海海域底栖猛水蚤的区系地位，并尝试作世界温带海域种类的动物地理学分析，为科学进步、环境监测和经济建设服务。

底栖桡足类是海洋沉积物中继自由生活的线虫之后，第二丰富的小型底栖生物类群，从海滨至深海均有分布，在海洋小型底栖微食物网中具有重要的作用，同时也是环境改变的指示种，可用于指示环境健康状况，具有重要的生态学、生物多样性研究和环境保护实用价值。我国对海洋底栖猛水蚤的分类学和动物地理学研究非常少，只有渤海有少数种的报道，其他海域的研究几乎处于空白。本研究在收集和掌握大量资料和标本的基础上，采用传统的形态学分类方法对我国黄海和东海的底栖猛水蚤进行了分类学和动物地理学研究。中国黄渤海和东海共发现底栖猛水蚤50种，隶属于16科42属，包括1新属，12新种和9新记录种。其中黄渤海分布的34种，东海分布的有25种，黄东海的共有种有5种。研究发现我国黄渤海和东海的底栖猛水蚤大部分为地方种，有24种；仅在印度-西太平洋海域分布的有16种；世界广布种有10种；分别为Harpacticus uniremis Krøyer, 1842，Danielssenia typica Boeck, 1873，Microsetella norvegica (Boeck, 1865)，Microsetella rosea (Dana,1848)，Tisbe furcata (Baird, 1837)，Heteropsyllus major (Sars, 1920)，Mesochra pygmaea (Claus, 1863)，Enhydrosoma curticauda Boeck, 1873, Limnocletodes behningi Borutzky, 1926和Idyella exigua Sars, 1906。与邻近海域比较发现，与韩国海域的共有种有12种，与日本海域的共有种有7种。通过研究环境对底栖猛水蚤生物多样性的影响发现，底栖桡足类的群落结构同时受季节、底质和水深的影响，水越深，生物多样性越低。