用于构筑石油储库的充填体损伤渗透与储库稳定性研究

The management of goaf is a major issue related to safe mining. Filling mining is conducive to the stability of goaf, but the filling space of traditional filling is large, resulting in high cost.Exploring the synergistic use of goaf can not only reduce the filling cost, but also meet the strategic needs of the national underground space utilization. Based on the national petroleum strategic reserve, the project proposes a new method to build the petroleum storage in large metal goaf by filling technology. Firstly, the basic physical and mechanical parameters and its ratio of the backfill with high strength and low permeability which can be used for building petroleum storage is obtained by means of filling material proportioning test, mechanical test and permeability test. Secondly, taking the backfill of petroleum reservoir as object, the microscopic damage evolution law of the backfill under triaxial compression is studied by means of scanning electron microscope and acoustic emission. The damage constitutive model of backfill was established, the damage mechanism of backfill is revealed, and the damage-infiltration relationship of backfill is obtained. Finally, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are used to study the influence law of stability of backfill petroleum storage, aiming at revealing the instability mechanism of backfill petroleum storage, establishing a stability evaluation system for backfill petroleum storage, which providing theoretical basis and technical support for underground petroleum storage construction.

矿山空区治理是安全开采的关键，充填开采有利于矿山空区稳定，但传统全部充填采矿法需要充填的空间较大，导致充填成本过高。探索矿山空区协同利用既能降低充填成本，又符合国家地下空间利用的战略需求。本项目结合国家石油战略储备库建设的迫切需求，提出利用充填技术在金属矿大型空区构建石油储库的方法。首先，本项目通过充填材料配比试验、常规力学试验及渗透率测定等手段，获取满足充填石油储库构建的高强度-低渗透充填材料配比及基本物理力学参数；其次，以构建石油储库的充填体为研究对象，通过电镜扫描、声发射等技术手段，研究三维应力状态下充填体细观损伤演化规律，建立充填体三维应力状态下损伤本构模型，揭示其损伤破坏机理，获取充填体损伤渗透关系；最后，通过理论分析和数值模拟手段，研究充填石油储库稳定性影响规律，旨在揭示充填石油储库失稳机制，建立充填石油储库稳定性评价体系，为地下石油储库建造提供理论基础和技术支持。

项目紧密围绕用于构筑石油储库的充填体力学与损伤特性及储库稳定性开展研究，获取了满足充填石油储库构建的高强度-低渗透充填材料配比及基本物理力学参数，掌握了不同应力状态下充填体的宏细观损伤演化规律，揭示了充填石油储库稳定性影响规律与失稳机制，建立了充填石油储库稳定性评价体系。（1）以构筑石油储库的高强度-低渗透要求为目标，开展了不同材料配比充填体正交试验，研究了充填体力学特性与渗透特性变化规律。在此基础上，对比研究了多种防渗材料，分析了充填体的材料配比、防渗剂、力学强度、渗透率与微观结构之间的相互影响关系，综合考虑强度、渗透率、孔隙率与流动等物理力学特性，设计并优化了用于构筑石油储库充填材料的材料配比方案。（2）从宏观角度掌握了充填体宏观裂隙演化规律；借助声发射技术，分析了充填体受载损伤过程中所释放的声信号，探明了充填体在外载荷作用下细观损伤演化过程；利用电镜扫描，XRD等技术，从微观角度分析了充填体力学特性影响因素与损伤破坏机理，形成了宏观-细观-微观的多角度分析手段；分析了不同应力状态下充填体力学特性变化规律，掌握了三维应力状态下充填体损伤特性。（3）采用数值模拟的方法，对单腔和双腔矿山地下充填石油储库的长期稳定性进行模拟，基于数值模拟结果，分析了充填石油储库围岩竖向位移变化量、围岩应力以及塑性区随运营时间、埋深和储库间距的变化规律。项目研究通过对构筑石油充填储库充填材料的物理力学特性以及石油储库稳定性的探索，为地下石油储库建造提供了理论基础和技术支持。