迁徙雁类在干旱半干旱地区中途停歇地的觅食生态学研究

Located in the middle of central Asia flyway, Heihe wetland is one of the most representative wetlands in arid and semi arid areas in Northwest China. As a stopover site for the migratory birds crossing the area, Heihe wetland provides sufficient space and good quality foraging habitats. Migratory stopover sites is foraging sites where migratory birds can rapidly accumulate energy in the process of migration. The Stopover sites selection of migratory birds and the quality of stopover sites, determines whether the energy accumulation of migratory birds on the flyway can meet the migration requirements. The migratory wild geese in Heihe wetland are dominant species and flagship species of migratory birds，also the representative of the herbivorous birds. In wintering period, geese foraging is in line with forage maturation hypothesis, which means geese prefer to select feeding habitats with medium biomass to meet the trade-off of quality and quantity of food at the same time. Foraging ecology of migratory geese is lack of research, especially on the central Asia flyway. By analysis of feeding habits and foraging behavior, this study verify the following scientific questions: （1）whether the foraging area selection of geese on different wetlands meets the forage maturation hypothesis;（2whether the selection of geese using different foraging patches in the same wetland meets the forage maturation hypothesis;（3）whether the physical condition of geese affecting their foraging habitats selection and diet selection. The study will eventually clarify the habitat selection and use based on wetland quality, which can lay the scientific foundation for the protection of wild geese species and wetland ecosystem management.

黑河湿地位于中亚迁徙路线中部，是中国西北地区最具代表性的干旱半干旱区湿地之一。它作为中途停歇地为过境的候鸟提供了面积充足、质量良好的觅食栖息地。中途停歇地是候鸟迁徙过程中快速积累能量的觅食场所。候鸟对中途停歇地的选择和中途停歇地的质量，决定了鸟类迁徙途中的能量积累能否满足迁徙需要。雁类是黑河湿地迁徙鸟中的优势物种和旗舰物种，也是植食性鸟类的代表。在越冬期，雁类的觅食符合“饲料成熟假说”，即偏好选择中等生物量的觅食地，以满足对食物质量和数量的同期权衡。迁徙期的雁的觅食生态学则缺少相关研究，在中亚迁徙路线上尤为如此。本研究通过分析雁的食性和觅食行为验证以下科学问题：①雁对不同觅食地的选择是否符合“饲料成熟假说”；②雁对同一觅食地中不同觅食斑块的利用是否符合“饲料成熟假说”；③身体状况是否影响雁的觅食地选择和食性。最终阐明雁类对湿地质量的选择和利用，为雁类物种保护和湿地生态系统管理奠定科学基础。