基于“病证-效应-生物样本分析”方法的生姜、干姜、炮姜药性物质研究

This project will be undertaken to investigate medicinal property matter (MPM) of the fresh, dried and baked gingers based on a newly systemic method of "syndrome-efficacy-analysis of biological samples (SEABS)". We have proposed the academic viewpoint of "medicinal property and efficacy homologous (MPEH)" according to formed mutual interpretation and interdependence relationship between medicinal property and efficacy based on the matter form of Chinese herbal pieces, and thus open a new way to understanding MPM through effective matter (EM). Meanwhile, we have already established a newly systemic method of "SEABS" in clarifying EM of Chinese medicine (CM), and thus we can get the understanding of EM by analysis of drug-contained biological samples including blood, organ tissues, etc, on the basis of proper syndrome and effectiveness of CM. Then we will obtain the understanding of MPM of the ginger according to the academic viewpoint of "MPEH" proposed by us. We will establish a new way to carry out medicinal property of CM. The present project has selected homologous gingers including the fresh, the dried and the baked with different applications as research subjects, and will observe pharmacological effects in a variety of animal models including spleen and stomach deficiency cold, lung existed in cold drink, etc, and then analyze and identify EM of gingers into serum, organs and tissues. Then we will obtain the understanding of MPM of the fresh, dried and baked gingers according to the academic viewpoint of "MPEH" proposed by us. Finally, we will also set an example in carrying out similar studies.

研究生姜、干姜、炮姜药性物质。根据中药药性与功效共存于饮片并具有相互印证、依存的关系，提出中药"性效同源"学术观点，开辟了通过功效物质认识药性物质的途径。建立"病证-效应-生物样本分析"结合研究功效物质的系统方法，在对证、有效的基础上，通过分析含药生物样本（血、脏腑组织等）获得对中药功效物质的认识。根据"性效同源"观点，认识药性物质。为开展药性物质研究建立科学方法。 本项目选择同源异用的生姜、干姜和炮姜，分别在大鼠脾胃虚寒、寒饮蓄肺等模型上，观察药效，分析血及脏腑组织中所含姜的功效物质。根据"性效同源"观点，认识生姜、干姜、炮姜药性物质。在相同病证模型上，比较三种姜功效物质在血及脏腑组织中的种类差异，获得对生姜、干姜、炮姜性、味物质的认识。为开展同类研究作出示范。

中药药性理论研究是目前的热点和难点。针对药性物质研究，建立了按照“病证-效应-生物样本分析”研究功效物质、按照“性效同源”认识药性物质的方法。按照上述方法，在脾胃虚寒、寒饮蕴肺、虚寒出血等模型上观察生姜、干姜、炮姜水煎液效应、检测体内姜辣素类成分，认识三种姜的功效相关物质；制备三种姜的姜辣素，重复上述实验，确认生姜、干姜、炮姜姜辣素是温中、温肺的功效部位。对8种姜辣素成分进行烟雾+LPS诱导的A549细胞抗炎的药效评价，获得功效成分的指认。检测姜水煎液、姜辣素在动物模型不同时间点体内移行成分，计算药动学参数，评价体内分布与归经的关系。.研究获得：（1）姜辣素是生姜、干姜、炮姜温中、温肺的功效部位；其中炮姜姜辣素的温肺化饮功效为本实验首次发现。（2）6-姜酚、6-姜烯酚、8-姜酚、8-姜烯酚、10-姜酚、10-姜烯酚、姜酮和6-异脱氢姜烯酮等8种中，除10-姜酚、10-姜烯酚外，均具有活性，为姜的功效成分。（3）按照“性效同源”观点，6-姜酚、6-姜烯酚、8-姜酚、8-姜烯酚、姜酮和6-异脱氢姜烯酮是生姜、干姜、炮姜温热性的物质基础。生姜微温，干姜、炮姜性热。这种差异与姜辣素含量有关。生姜姜辣素及其成分含量低，故为微温；干姜、炮姜姜辣素及其成分含量高，故为热。三种姜均有辛味，在寒证模型上辛味并不参与祛寒，但作为姜的基本药性也会有所表现。因此，将既能在体内呈现又有没有直接活性的10-姜酚、10-姜烯酚确定为辛味成分。（4）体内移行成分分布显示，生姜依次为胃、小肠、大肠、肺、肝或肾；干姜依次为胃、小肠、大肠、肺或肝等；炮姜依次为胃、小肠、大肠、肝或心。与生姜归肺、脾、胃，干姜归脾、胃、肾、心、肺，炮姜归脾、胃、肾的记载基本一致。.本项目建立了在病证模型通过功效物质认识药性物质、通过体内成分分布获认识归经的系统方法，并在姜的药性物质和归经研究中得到应用，获得预期结果。这一系统方法在中药药性物质研究中有较大的实用价值。