想象视角对风险决策的影响

This project is aimed to explore how imagined visual perspective affects individual risky decision making and risk taking behavior based on an integrative model. Imagined visual perspective refers to the visual perspective taken by individuals when picturing events through imagination. When individuals take a first-person perspective, they see the events as what they actually see the events from their own eyes. When individuals take a third-person perspective, they see events as what an observer see the events. The integrative model of imagined perspective proposes that individuals would incorporate different information processes, and get access differently to the experiential self and conceptual self. Such differences would result in different choices in risky decision making and propensities in risk taking. This project plans to test this hypothesis by measuring existing risk attitude and optimism bias in individuals, as well as by manipulating the learning experience of risk situation and decision goals highlighted by the situation. These experiments are aimed to offer direct evidences of the integrative model of imagined visual perspective. They could also help reveal from a new angle individuals’ risky decision making processes.

本课题基于一个整合模型来探讨想象的视觉视角对个体风险决策和冒险行为的影响。想象的视觉视角是指个体通过想象形成视觉画面时所采用的视觉视角，第一人称视角下个体以自己亲历事件的角度来观察事件，第三人称视角下个体以旁观者亲历事件的角度来观察事件。想象视角的整合模型认为两种想象视角下的个体会参与不同的信息加工过程，分别关注自我的体验式信息和概念式信息。本课题假设，在面对风险决策情境时，个体的想象视角会激活与风险相关的体验式和概念式自我信息，进而对风险决策和冒险行为产生不同的影响。本课题拟从个体固有的风险态度、乐观偏差，以及个体从决策中获取的与风险相关的学习信息和决策目标等角度对假设进行验证，为想象视角的整合模型提供直接的依据，也有助于从新的角度揭示个体的风险决策过程。

本课题基于一个整合模型来探讨想象的视觉视角对个体行为决策的影响。想象的视觉视角是指个体通过想象形成视觉画面时所采用的视觉视角，第一人称视角下个体以自己亲历事件的角度来观察事件，第三人称视角下个体以旁观者亲历事件的角度来观察事件。想象视角的整合模型认为两种想象视角下的个体会参与不同的信息加工过程，分别关注自我的体验式信息和概念式信息。本课题完成4项主要研究，都是围绕想象视角对个体行为决策和行为意向的作用。主要结果发现包括：（1）想象视角不会直接影响个体对积极和消极风险事件的概率判断，但第一人称视角想象下风险事件的细节信息会影响个体的风险决策；（2）想象视角会与心理距离产生匹配效应，对个体的消费行为意向产生影响，在第一人称视角下，远心理距离相对近心理距离对个体的行为意向有更大的促进作用；（3）想象视角和回忆视角会影响个体先前行为对其后续道德决策和行为意向的关系，第一人称视角下，个体的后续道德决策和行为意向会受到其先前行为。综合以上的研究结果，研究都发现第一人称视角相对第三人称视角，会更多受到调节因素的影响，进而影响个体的实际行为决策。