主被动组合减振式智能弹簧支承设计与控制方法研究

In order to satisfy the requirement of high power to weight ratio, supercritical speed design method need to be adopted for tail drive shaft system of helicopter. Considering the vibration amplitude of helicopter tail drive shaft system could be increased sharply while passing the critical speed region, a smart spring support structure consisting of a main and auxiliary supports is proposed, which act as active and passive vibration control method respectively. The vibration of multi-supports drive shaft system is suppressed by the main support with passive anti-vibration function while the vibration amplitude is changed insignificantly. Otherwise, the vibration is suppressed by main support and auxiliary support simultaneously when the vibration amplitude of shaft changed sharply or under a sudden unbalanced excitation or in the maneuvering flight state. The objectives of this research include three aspects. First, the stiffness and damping effect of the combined rubber-silicone oil viscoelastic damper are explored, and its parameter matching is studied. Second, the mapping law of the smart-spring structure parameter and vibration characteristics of the transmission shaft is revealed, and the distribution method of the smart-spring support is represented, and its design system is established. Third, the evolvement rule of the vibration characteristics of the shaft system with smart-spring support is studied, and adaptive vibration control of the transmission shaft system with smart-spring support is realized under the effects of the helicopter maneuvering flight and sudden unbalanced excitation.

为满足直升机传动系统高功重比的设计要求，直升机尾传动轴系需要采用超临界设计。针对直升机尾传动轴系在跨越临界转速区时振幅急剧增大的问题，本项目提出了一种由主支承和辅助支承组成的主被动组合减振式智能弹簧支承结构。传动轴系的振动较平稳或强度较小时，振动由主支承进行被动抑制；而只有在传动轴系跨越临界转速区且振幅急剧增大、传动轴系受突加不平衡激励或直升机机动飞行使得传动轴系的振动特性发生较大改变时，辅助支承才发挥主动抑制振动的作用。项目将围绕智能弹簧支承，探索橡胶硅油阻尼主支承的刚度、阻尼作用机理，进行主支承的参数设计；揭示智能弹簧支承结构参数与传动轴系振动特性的映射规律，提出多支点传动轴系中智能弹簧支承的配置方法，建立智能弹簧支承的设计方法；研究智能弹簧支承传动轴系的振动特性演变规律，实现直升机机动飞行时和突加不平衡激励下智能弹簧支承传动轴系的自适应振动控制。

针对超临界工作的直升机尾传动轴系跨越临界转速区时振幅急剧增大的问题，提出了一种由橡胶硅油阻尼主支承和辅助支承组成的主被动组合减振式智能弹簧支承，开展了橡胶硅油阻尼主支承刚度和阻尼特性、智能弹簧支承动态响应特性及其在多支点传动轴系中的配置和控制方法研究。. 首先，开展了橡胶硅油阻尼主支承的刚度和阻尼特性研究。分别建立了主支承固体和流体有限元模型，进行了主支承流固耦合静态和动态仿真；开展了橡胶硅油阻尼主支承静态刚度、动态刚度和阻尼试验研究；研究了橡胶外径、橡胶内径和硅油粘度对主支承静态刚度的影响，通过正交法分析了频率、振幅和硅油粘度对主支承动态刚度和阻尼系数的影响作用。. 其次，建立了智能弹簧支承分析模型，开展了其动态响应特性研究。推导了智能弹簧支承的分段解析解，以相对速度等于0作为切换条件将各段解衔接起来获得系统的完整响应，突破了以往研究中未考虑干摩擦振子自由度的不足；基于等效线性化方法，获得了智能弹簧支承的近似解析解；提出了智能弹簧支承的数值仿真计算流程，建立了智能弹簧减振系统动力学响应分析体系。. 再次，基于拉格朗日方法建立了包含智能弹簧支承的多跨轴系瞬态动力学模型，提出了多跨轴系振型显式表达式求解的多项式拟合方法，获得了不同控制力作用下的智能弹簧支承多跨轴系的动态响应，并分别对其过临界和工作转速下的减振效果进行了分析；分析了智能弹簧支承参数对其减振性能的影响，基于遗传算法对各个参数进行了优化设计；搭建了多跨轴系试验平台，进行了智能弹簧支承的振动控制试验。. 最后，对含有智能弹簧支承的三支承轴系过临界和突加冲击力减振进行了研究。采用Adams软件建立了含有智能弹簧支承的三支承轴系虚拟样机模型，在此基础上采用MATLAB软件建立了联合仿真模型；进行了过临界下施加固定控制力和函数控制力轴系减振联合仿真；建立了突加冲击力闭环控制联合仿真模型，并进行了三支承轴系振动控制仿真分析。