船舶柴油机轴系扭振与调控耦合振荡故障机理研究

Requirement of International Maritime Organization (IMO) to reliability and quietness of ships turned higher continuously. However, for current marine power plant, it has following characteristics: the form of marine power plant turned more complex; the power density turned higher; operation condition varied frequently; control of power plant become more difficult. All these characteristics make it difficult to control reliability and quietness of ships intelligently. The governing system of diesel engine and shafting torsional vibration are investigated separately in the current marine rules, and the coupling relationship between these two kinds of problems is not considered in the study, which causes that coupling failure problems of shafting torsional vibration and governing system get severer. Therefore, the coupling theory of the torsional vibration of shafting and governing system of diesel engine become the key problem of ships to be solved. From the perspective of coupling system, the complex nonlinear torsional vibration model considering camshaft will be established, and the coupling model of shafting torsional vibration and governing system will be built through the speed of the crankshaft or camshaft to study the coupling mechanism. The optimize method of the dynamic characteristics of the shafting and the governing system will be proposed to provide theoretical basis for improvement of its reliability and quietness.

国际海事组织（IMO）对船舶可靠性和静音性要求不断提高，而船舶动力装置形式日益复杂、功率密度不断提高、运行工况频繁变化、调控难度加大，这些特点给动力装置的可靠性、静音性、智能控制带来了极大的困难。现有船舶规范是把柴油机轴系扭振和调控分别研究，没有考虑二者之间的耦合关系，导致船用柴油机轴系扭振与调控耦合振荡故障凸显，因此柴油机轴系扭振与调控耦合机理成为高技术船舶亟待解决的关键科学问题。本项目将从系统耦合的角度出发，首先建立考虑凸轮轴的复杂非线性轴系扭振模型；继而以曲轴或凸轮轴转速为纽带，建立柴油机调控与轴系扭振的耦合模型，探索系统的耦合振荡机理，给出轴系动力学优化设计和柴油机最优控制方法，为提高船舶动力装置可靠性和静音性提供理论基础。

国际海事组织（IMO）对船舶可靠性和静音性要求不断提高，而船舶动力装置形式日益复杂、功率密度不断提高、运行工况频繁变化、调控难度加大，这些特点给动力装置的可靠性、静音性、智能控制带来了极大的困难。现有船舶规范是把柴油机轴系扭振和调控分别研究，没有考虑二者之间的耦合关系，导致船用柴油机轴系扭振与调控耦合振荡故障凸显，因此柴油机轴系扭振与调控耦合机理成为高技术船舶亟待解决的关键科学问题。.本项目从系统耦合的角度出发，建立了柴油机凸轮轴与正时齿轮系和曲轴组成的复杂多分支系统扭振模型，分析了柴油机气缸内气体激励、凸轮和负载激励的相位匹配关系，探索了轴系中对称分支结构对轴系固有频率与振型的影响规律；提出了柴油机轴系扭振与控制耦合系统仿真建模方法，形成了柴油机轴系扭振与调控耦合建模分析原则，在此基础上，开展了轴系结构参数与控制器参数对耦合系统稳定性影响分析，得出柴油机轴系扭振与调控系统间的耦合故障机理，并提出耦合系统的优化和协调匹配方法。.项目成果成功解决了某型5缸柴油机冷却水泵轴频繁断裂故障，得到了厂家的高度认可；并在柴油发电机组联轴器断裂故障中得到了应用，反演了该型柴油机组调速不稳、万向节应力超标而导致断裂的现象，指明负载扰动引起系统发生耦合振荡是导致万向节联轴器断裂的主要原因，并给出了合理的解决方案，为提高船舶动力装置可靠性提供理论基础。