微纳结构陷光电极的制备及其用于三元体系有机太阳能电池的研究

Organic solar cells have great development potential for their unique advantages of well film-forming，light weight, mechanical flexibility, and being suitable for large-scale production. However, the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells is relatively low. Electrode with micro-nano structure can regulate the light propagation in the active layer and enhance light absorption, which is an effective way to improve the energy conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. This application is intend to introduce micro-nano structured electrode into ternary organic solar cell. On the basis of broadened absorption spectrum of ternary organic solar cells, the light trapping of micro-nano structured electrode would further improve light absorption of active layer and enhance power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. This application is to prepare micro-nano structure morphology by using the method of active layer self-aggregation induced by solvent additives. The application will also study the interaction between solvent additives and the components of ternary organic solar cells, and analyze the influence of micro-nano structure formation on the generation, diffusion and dissociation of excitons and the transport properties of carriers theoretically. The completion of this application has important significance for the mechanism analysis, structural design, and novel devices preparation of organic solar cells.

有机太阳能电池易成膜、质轻、可制备柔性器件、适合工业化大面积生产，具有广阔的应用前景。 但目前有机太阳能电池的能量转换效率比较低。微纳结构电极可以调控光的传播路径、增强活性层的光吸收，是提高有机太阳能电池能量转换效率的有效途径。本申请拟将微纳结构电极引入到三元体系有机太阳能电池，在三元体系有机太阳能电池拓宽光谱的基础上，利用微纳结构电极的陷光作用进一步提高活性层对光的利用效率。本申请拟通过溶剂添加剂使活性层自发结晶从而在其表面形成微纳结构形貌，然后调控金属电极与活性层的紧密接触，制备具有微纳结构电极的有机太阳能电池。本申请还将研究溶剂添加剂与三元体系各组分的相互作用，分析微纳结构的形成过程对激子的产生、扩散、解离及载流子输运特性的影响，从理论上研究微纳结构的形成过程对太阳能电池性能的影响。本申请的完成对有机太阳能电池的机理分析、结构设计、新型器件的制备具有重要的参考意义。

基于利用溶剂添加剂制备具有微纳结构陷光电极的三元有机太阳能电池这一主题，采用光学显微镜、原子力显微镜、X射线衍射等形貌表征手段，结合X射线光电子能谱以及紫外-可见吸收谱、荧光光谱学等手段, 深入研究了活性层薄膜生长的动力学特性。优选溶剂添加剂，利用单添加剂或双添加剂改善活性层形貌，调控活性层与电极的接触，制备性能稳定的有机光伏器件。通过器件的电流密度-电压特性、瞬态-稳态光电流、量子效率及器件稳定性等指标，研究器件的光伏性能，结合光照线性增压载流子瞬态法、瞬态光电压和瞬态光电流等电学性能表征手段，研究活性层改善的形貌对有机太阳能电池性能的影响及机理。制备了基于富勒烯受体体系的PTB7:PM7:PC71BM三元有机太阳能电池和基于PM6:PM7:Y6、PTB7:PM7:ITIC-4F非富勒烯体系的三元有机太阳能电池，通过调控溶剂添加剂对活性层形貌的改善，结合瞬态、稳态光电响应、光电子能谱、光谱分析等多种手段，分析微纳结构的形成对光电转换过程的影响及规律，研究添加剂与三元体系中各组分的相互作用关系，分析添加剂对激子的产生、扩散、解离及载流子输运过程的影响，制备出高能量转换效率的有机太阳能电池。本项目的研究成果对有机太阳能电池效率提升的研究具有重要的参考意义。