基于混合方法对云南少数民族贫困人群包容性亲贫增长方式的研究

Deploying a parallel design of mixed method, the research takes a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating theoretical perspectives from economics, sociology, public policy and cultural anthropology. The parallel design combines quantitative studies focusing on micro-econometric modelling with qualitative data rich in depth and details. The research aims to better understand: (1) the factors forcing the underdeveloped marginalized communities into poverty; (2) the condition of, and the route towards realizing inclusive pro-poor growth, and also the roles of stakeholders in the process. The qualitative and quantitative data are to be corroborated. The differentiations between the two sources of data are to be further examined to obtain deeper insights and explanations. Especially for the ethnic minorities, it is vital to seek an inclusive poverty-alleviation policy that respects their own culture and living style. Currently, China has become a middle income country. The central government now starts to reflect its pro-growth development strategy, and also pay more attention to the stability of border minority communities. This study is in time, and its output forms a critical reference to senior government officials in making policies for ethnic minority groups. The research output is to be disseminated through public services that benefit the poverty-stricken minority groups. The research will extend the existing literature from three aspects: 1. Revealing the causes for inclusive pro-poor growth and provide empirical evidence; 2. Understanding the route towards realizing inclusive pro-poor growth, which prevents marginalized groups from falling into being deprived; 3. Mapping out the policy implementation route.

本研究基于增长、不平等、减贫三者关系的理论，更好地分析欠发达地区边缘群体陷入贫困的因素，理解实现包容性亲贫增长模式的条件、路线图和利益相关者的角色；对于少数民族贫困群体而言，寻求尊重他们生活方式的包容性减贫政策。本项目采用经济学、社会学、公共政策多学科交叉定量与质性混合研究模式，采用并行路线混合研究把基于权威数据的定量研究和具有丰富细节的质性研究相结合。中国开始步入中等收入国家行列，中央政府开始反思增长偏向的发展战略，对于边疆民族地区的稳定和民族政策也重新加以审视。本研究恰逢其时，研究的结果对较高级别的政府部门决策会有重要的参考价值，对于执行层面的部门而言，产生的影响将会通过服务直接惠及少数民族贫困人群。从三个方面拓展已有的研究：1.在多个维度上揭示亲贫增长的动因并且提供实证证据；2.理解如何实现包容性的亲贫增长，使得边缘人群摆脱持续被剥夺的状态；3.相应的政策实施需要的条件与路线图。

本报告采用混合研究方法，系统分析了云南省精准扶贫的贫困对象、扶贫管理、深度贫困地区三个方面的现状与问题。定量研究主要基于云南省精准扶贫平台数据库，方法是描述性的统计分析，用于描述帮扶对象（贫困户、贫困人群）的微观特征，刻画贫困人群的家计贫困图景。从致贫原因、收入结构等方面分析贫困的影响因素和改善收入的突破点。从机会平等的视角描述贫困村的社区特点，分析社区基础条件对于亲贫增长的限制和促进。质性研究主要采用的方法是田野调查专题案例研究，分别从基层政府扶贫管理、基层扶贫干部的认识、怒江州、直过民族地区几个方面进行精准扶贫工作不同侧面的深层次理解。.本报告的主要结论包括两个方面：第一，大范围的亲贫增长不可能在市场经济条件下自发形成，政府的作用是必须的，而且和政府动员资源的能力密切相连。亲贫增长的方向应该坚持，具体做法还需要进一步探索和实践；第二，长期来看，中国亲贫增长的主要机遇还是在于城市化，无论从机会平等还是就业前景来看，包容性都是民族贫困地区实现稳定脱贫的应有之意。项目资助发表核心论文3篇，待发表3篇。培养硕士生3名，其中3名都已经取得硕士学位。项目投入经费34万元，支出4.1万元，各项支出基本与预算相符。剩余经费29.9万元，剩余经费计划用于本项目研究后续支出和研究人员前期垫支经费报销。