萃取-还原法制备金属纳米粒子及薄膜的研究

A new method called Extraction-Solvothermal treatment (ES) for preparing nano-inorganic materials was designed by combining the technologis of solvent extraction with solvo-thermal treatment and metal reduction in liquid phase. It includes two steps. (1)The preparation of nano-metal powders and nano-nonmetallic powders; (2) Loading of nano-metal powders on nano-nonmetal powders. .The nano-powders of Cu and Ag were synthesized by this method. The effects of extractants on products were discussed and a possible mechanism of solvent extraction-metal reduction in liquid phase was put forward. The different carriers of nano-metal oxides and films were prepared, and their physic-chemical properties were characterized. The results shows that the reactions (such as precipitation, and metal reduction in liquid phase) occurred in solvent extraction system under unconventional conditions played an important role in preparation of nano-inorganic materials. The process of method ES, which had two liquid phases, were more controllable than mono-phase reaction. This method makes the particles' size and distribution as well as their morphologies to be controlled well. In conclusion, the ES method is one of the most promising methods to prepare nano-inorganic materials such as metal, alloy, metal/oxide hybrid, etc..

通过制备金、银、铜的纳米粉体和薄膜，建立包括溶剂萃取、负载相还原、氧化物固载在内的金属或金属复合纳米粉体与薄膜的萃取---还原制备新方法；探讨金属-金属氧化物复合、固载技术和体系各因素对粒子形貌、粒径、薄膜特性和固载金属氧化物性能的影响。本课题对于金属纳米材料和薄膜的制备与应用具有重要价值。