基于建筑策划“群决策”的大城市传统社区“原居安老”改造设计研究——以上海工人新村为例

For the aggravation of the aging problem, the pension problem in big cities’ traditional communities becomes more and more serious, the research on “aging in place” in big cities’ traditional communities becomes important and inevitable. There are not mature mode can be suit on the reconstruction design of “aging in place” in big cities’ traditional communities in china’s special situation, the traditional method of combine the “design” and “decision making” together, is causing “do poorly work done again”, which means lots of waste on manpower For the aggravation of the aging problem, the pension problem in big cities’ traditional communities becomes more and more serious, the research on “aging in place” in big cities’ traditional communities becomes important and inevitable. There are not mature modes that can be suited on the reconstruction design of “aging in place” in big cities’ traditional communities in china’s special situation.The traditional method of combining the “design” and “decision making” together, is causing “do poorly work done again”, which means lots of waste on manpower and resource. This research trys to analyze the characteristics of the workers’ new village which is a representative traditional community.And it trys to reveal the complexity of decision-making subjects and objects in the architectural programming stage, to expand the comparative and quantitative research widely on workers’ new village in Shanghai,to establish the database of architectural programming of big cities’ traditional communities. Based on that, the architectural programming “group decision-making” theory and methodology are used to build the “decision-making” model which is adopted in china’s aging situation, and to propose the operable implement strategy on this topic. The proposed research has its profound meaning on the more and more severe aging space needs, and the better reconstruction design and evaluation of big cities’ traditional communities.

近年来随着我国老龄化问题的加剧，大城市传统社区的养老问题越发严峻，针对大城市传统社区“原居安老”改造设计的研究迫在眉睫。大城市传统社区“原居安老”的改造设计在中国特殊国情之下尚没有可以套用的成熟模式，采用传统的一边改造设计一边决策的方法，会带来大量改造设计的返工和人力物力资源的浪费。本课题通过分析我国当前大城市传统社区的特征，揭示其“原居安老”改造设计前期建筑策划决策主体和对象的复杂性，通过对大城市传统社区展开广泛的比较和量化研究，建立我国大城市传统社区建筑策划的数据库，以此为基础，建立适应于中国老龄化国情的大城市传统社区“原居安老”改造设计的建筑策划决策模型，从而指导传统社区“原居安老”的改造设计。本课题研究对于日趋严重的老龄化空间需求，以及当代中国传统社区的适老改造的科学设计和评价有重要的工程意义和理论价值。

随着我国人口老龄化率逐渐升高，大城市传统社区面临着愈发严峻的的养老问题。本课题从上海工人新村这一具有代表性的传统社区入手，通过历史变迁梳理、适老现状调研、居民意愿采集三个层面描述了上海市工人新村适老现状，分析其特征，揭示其“原居安老”改造设计前期建筑策划决策主体和对象的复杂性，对工人新村适老改造涉及到的要素及改造重难点进行分析，建立我国大城市传统社区建筑策划的数据库，以此为基础，得出上海市工人新村适老改造基本原则，建立适应于中国老龄化国情的具有普适性的大城市传统社区“原居安老”改造设计的建筑策划决策模型，从而指导传统社区“原居安老”的改造设计。本课题将建筑策划群决策理论引入到传统社区“原居安老”改造设计领域，丰富了既有建筑改造理论，将建筑策划、既有建筑改造、原居安老等理论进行交叉研究，本课题强调前期多主体参与决策，有助于兼顾多方利益，为大城市传统社区“原居安老”改造设计提出科学合理的设计策略，对于应对城市更新背景下我国日益严峻的大城市传统社区养老问题具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。