大电流开断过程真空金属蒸气电弧与CO2气体电弧间协同作用与调控机理研究

Metal vapor vacuum arc and CO2 gas arc is generated in the operation of vacuum gap and CO2 gas gap in series. Its key behavior includes the dynamic dielectric recovery, the interreaction between the arcs and the synergistic control mechanism. All these characteristics are hot topic in the fields of the switch apparatus. With the theoretical model development and high-current interruption experiments, research works study on the arc characteristics of vacuum and CO2 gas, dielectric recovery process, synergistic mechanism and the breaking capacity characteristic. Research works are focused on the synergistic characteristics and change rules between metal vapor vacuum arc and CO2 gas arc under the internal and external conditions of changing electrode material, contact structure, vacuum level, pressure, magnetic field, speed and contact action sequence between two gap and interruption current, post-arc current parameters, the transient recovery voltage. Combined with the simulation results and experimental data, the synergistic control strategy and key factors to affect interruption characteristic are investigated to obtain valid arc control methods. Nowadays, the use of SF6 gas is limited and a new kind of environment-friendly circuit breaker is an urgent need in high-voltage switch area. This project is using the own advantage of vacuum and CO2 gas to interrupt high current and provide the theoretical and experimental basis for it is applied to the super and ultra-high voltage level.

真空金属蒸气与CO2气体电弧是真空与CO2气体间隙串联开断电流过程的电弧，其动态介质恢复特性、电弧间相互作用及协同调控机理研究是当前开关电器领域的前沿课题之一。项目旨在基于理论模型开发和大电流开断实验研究真空与CO2气体间隙串联开断时的电弧特性、介质恢复过程、协同作用关系和开断容量特性；重点探明两间隙串联系统在改变电极材料、触头结构、真空度、气压、外加磁场、两间隙触头动作时序与速度等自参数和开断电流、弧后电流参数、暂态恢复电压等外电路条件时真空与CO2气体电弧间的协同特性及调控机理；结合仿真结果和实验数据得到两电弧在开断高压大电流时的协同控制策略及影响其开断特性的关键因素。目前SF6气体因温室效应被限制使用，寻找一种可应用于超特高压领域的环境友好型断路器成为开关领域迫切需要解决的问题。本项目实质是运用真空和CO2气体介质的各自优点协同开断大电流并为将其应用于超特高压领域提供理论和实验依据。

寻找一种可应用于更高电压等级的环境友好型断路器是开关领域目前迫切需要解决的问题。项目提出将CO2气体间隙与真空间隙串联利用其各自优点协同动作实现高压大电流开断。项目难点在于根据不同开断控制策略分析电弧间的相互作用关系获得不同条件下串联间隙的协同配合开断控制策略，研究CO2气体间隙与真空间隙串联开断电流效果并分析两间隙动态介质强度恢复过程，给出实现串联间隙协同配合开断大电流的电弧发展调控手段。项目顺利实现了真空间隙与CO2气体间隙串联协同配合完成大电流开断的目标，证明在CO2气体间隙与真空间隙串联开断大电流过程（尤其是真空间隙与CO2气体电弧相互作用的关键区域--零区附近），可通过机构操动、磁场施加等调控手段实现由真空间隙首先承担系统TRV为气体间隙争取介质恢复时间，通过气吹及电流转移等调控手段进一步加快CO2气体间隙介质强度恢复，使其在真空间隙击穿前承担起后续TRV共同完成开断的混合断路器协同控制策略可行性。研究成果为混合断路器的研制与发展提供了一种新的可行性方案，对我国环境友好型高压开关研发具有理论价值和工程意义。