中文阅读中副中央凹预加工的广度与深度研究

The ability to pre-process information from parafovea, a hallmark component of skilled reading, refers to the fact that readers can extract parafoveal word information that enables them to pre-process that word. Previous findings of depth or temporal pre-processing effect that based on alphabetic language reading are mixed. One very important reason is that there is considerable variability in the length of target words in those studies conducted on alphabetic reading scripts. However, it is possible and sensible to conduct such studies in Chinese to make parafoveal processing of text be operationalized over characters without length variability. Chinese is a language with characteristics that are optimal for investigating parafoveal processing. The present project will take the advantages of Chinese reading to examine three aspects of parafoveal processing by using eye tracking technique: (1) the first study aims at exploring how parafoveal load affects the spatial extent of pre-processing, (2) the second study attempts to examine whether and how foveal load influences the spatial extent and depth of pre-processing; On the basis of the first two studies, (3) the third study will investigate how reading skill modulates the spatial and depth effects of parafoveal processing, and also how reading efficiency interacts with spatial extent and depth of pre-processing. The findings of the current project will promote to settle the controversial issues on parafoveal processing, and will be beneficial for examining and extending the current reading models of eye movement control. Finally the current project will provide more previse eye movement measures for predicting reading levels and measuring reading efficiency.

阅读中，读者既能加工当前注视的视觉中央凹区的信息，也能从视觉副中央凹区预先提取信息并利用该信息加工预视词汇，称为预加工能力，它是衡量阅读技能的一个关键成分。预加工包括预视空间范围（广度）和信息量（深度）。拼音文字阅读的研究结果对预视广度与深度如何受中央凹加工和副中央凹预加工的调节存在争议，因为拼音文字词长变异大，在考察预视深度时无法克服预视广度的干扰。中文中词长变化小，能有效分离两个因素的作用。本项目将发挥中文优势，利用眼动技术，通过三个研究（1）保持中央凹加工负荷不变，探讨预加工负荷对预视广度的影响，（2）保持预加工负荷不变，考察中央凹负荷对预视广度与深度的影响，（3）检验中央凹加工与预加工能力分别对预视广度与深度的影响，检验中央凹加工与预加工效率分别对预视广度与深度的影响。项目结果将有助于解决预加工的争论，对拓展阅读眼动理论有重要启示，为预测阅读能力与衡量阅读效率提供更多眼动行为指标。

本项目借助中文文本词长变异小的书写特征，通过区分预视广度和深度，主要利用眼动技术，考察副中央凹预加工如何受副中央凹负荷与中央凹负荷的影响，在此基础上，探讨副中央凹负荷与中央凹负荷分别怎样调节儿童及不同阅读效率成人个体的预加工广度与深度。主要的研究结果为：（1）在限定预视范围内，预视量不受中央凹词汇加工负荷的调节。（2）中央凹加工负荷对预加工的调节表现在预视广度上，即与中央凹高负荷相比，在中央凹低负荷时有更大的预视效应，具体表现为，无预视或小范围（即1字）预视对阅读带来的干扰更大；当预视为2个字及其以上范围时，中央凹加工负荷高低不影响预视。（3）不同阅读效率个体在预加工上的差异没有表现在预视深度上，而是体现在预视广度上。项目成果为中文阅读中的研究提供了丰富的实证数据，有助于完善和拓展当前眼动控制模型（特别是中文阅读模型）关于预加工的理论假设，并提示预视广度可以作为预测阅读发展与衡量阅读效率的灵敏指标。在项目资助下，研究成果以学术论文形式已发表11篇，其中5篇发表在国际心理学权威期刊，如《Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance》、《Brain Structure & Function》、《Human Brain Mapping》；其余6篇分别发表在国内核心刊物，如《心理学报》、《心理科学》。