纤维素基水中低浓度抗生素微球吸附材料界面微层结构调控及其构效关系

Antibiotics as newly appeared contaminants are polluting the water bodies of china, which has become a serious menace to the environment and human health. The adsorption and separation technique is one of the most effective methods for removing the low concentrations of antibiotics from water. However, at present, the lack of fossil resources stimulates the design for the bio-compatible and biodegradable adsorbents with high selectivity and specificity or universality. The exploration of the design theory of the aforementioned absorbents is still in the early stage. In addition, further research should be carried on the absorption behavior and adsorption mechanism of the aqueous antibiotics residues, which are not fully understood well in the current study. In response to this grim situation and to resolve those scientific problems, we propose to carry out the following work in this project: 1. Utilizing cellulose as the raw materials to design multiple types of novel absorbents according to the different requirements of the properties of antibiotics: by using simple preparation techniques or different functional modification methods such as blending and filling method, and chemical modification of functional groups as well as the bonding material simulation aided analysis software to design cellulose-based adsorbents with high selectivity, specificity and universality; To establish a complete and effective characterization system for the composite adsorbent, explore the inherent law of molding aided by compatibility of multiple phases during the preparation or modification of the composite adsorbents, and to establish its design model, and elucidate the forming mechanism of the composite adsorbents; 2. To establish the characterization system, using material simulation software to assist the analysis of its interface microstructure design principles, and building its design mathematical model to reveal the interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate; 3. Systematically researching the adsorption behavior of the antibiotics from water to establish and optimize static and dynamic adsorption model, and revealing the mechanism of adsorption and separation of antibiotics on the cellulose-based adsorbents; 4. To build a mathematical model to reveal its structure-activity relationship of the absorbents through studying the relationship between the nature of the design and mechanism of adsorption properties of the adsorbent and to obtain the integrated high performance cellulose-based adsorbent products for practical applications. All these results from this project will provide theoretical foundation and technical support for the design of the cellulose-based microsphere adsorbents and for the efficient removal of active pharmaceuticals from aquatic environment.

抗生素污染水体给环境和居民健康带来极大威胁。吸附法是脱除水中低浓度抗生素最有效的方法。目前化石资源匮乏促使开发可再生资源基吸附剂，但其设计原理和分子吸附机理需深入研究。本项目拟开展如下工作来解决相关科学问题：1、针对具体抗生素的结构及理化性质来进行纤维素微球界面微结构调控：依据微球制备过程中水诱导相分离成孔机理，通过工艺参数调节来调控吸附剂的多结构层次微纳孔结构，便于抗生素向孔内扩散；采用固相界面化学基团修饰引入特征亲和基团，提高吸附能力；2、建立系统表征体系，结合材料模拟计算软件辅助分析其界面微结构设计原理，建立其设计数学模型，揭示吸附剂与吸附质的相互作用；3、系统研究水相中抗生素的吸附行为，建立和优化静动态吸附模型，揭示其吸附脱除机理；4、建立产品设计性质和吸附性能与吸附机理关系数学模型，揭示其构效关系。研究结果将为纤维素微球材料的设计及其对水中活性药物吸附脱除提供理论指导和技术支持。

吸附法是脱除水中低浓度抗生素最有效的方法，有效减少抗生素对环境和居民带来的健康威胁。目前倾向于开发可再生资源基吸附剂，本项目深入研究了纤维素微球基吸附剂的设计原理和分子吸附机理。系统研究纤维素基吸附剂的多相亲和成形等制备或改性的内在规律，建立其设计数学模型，揭示了纤维素基吸附剂多层次界面微结构和表面基团结构调控机制。系统分析比如阿莫西林、盐酸四环素、环丙沙星和泰乐菌素等不同类型目标抗生素的分子结构、形态特征和化学性质，开发了多种改性技术通过对纤维素微球进行界面微层结构修饰和表面基团修饰，理清吸附剂与吸附质间的强亲和作用关系并阐明吸附机理。揭示水中低浓度抗生素脱除吸附剂所需的结构和性质设计一般规律。研究界面微层结构及表面基团对材料性能的影响，建立吸附剂的设计性质和吸附性能与机理关系数学模型，揭示其构效关系。系统研究吸附剂的吸附行为及吸附机理，模拟和分析其复合吸附剂协同作用机制，并探索多种功能化吸附剂或多种处理技术联合使用，得到综合性能优异的产品来初步处理复杂多组分抗生素残留实际水样，达到了高效脱除。.也研究了吸附剂的重复使用及使用后吸附剂的处理。提高了产品的使用效率，并对比后相比采用了土埋法生物降解了使用后的吸附剂，避免了再次污染的发生。.基于本项目研究的成果拓展了一些新的研究领域，如微球用于药物如环丙沙星的载体，口服药胰岛素的载体等；纤维素微球用作催化剂载体初步应用于水中药物的催化降解；微球用作功能化比色检测器的基材用于检测水相中污染物和功能物质，如重金属、黄曲霉素和葡萄糖等。.同时进行了应用研究拓展，基于纤维素微球的基础理论研究成果，以生物质废弃物为原料如稻草秸秆和甘蔗渣等设计了高附加值吸附剂应用于处理实际含抗生素污染物或其它离子如磷酸根、氟离子和溴离子等的废水。并进行了生物质碳制备及应用研究。研究结果为纤维素微球吸附材料的设计及其对水中活性药物吸附脱除提供理论指导和技术支持。