东南太平洋茎柔鱼资源的时空分布格局及对气候因子的响应研究

The jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas, is widely distributed in the Southeast Pacific Ocean. This squid stock has highly economic values, and D. gigas fishery is a very important part of Chinese distant-water fisheries. Dosidicus gigas is a short-lived species, climate variability interacted with oceanographic conditions significantly affect its abundance and distribution. However, spatio-temporal distributions of D. gigas in different fishing grounds and their responses to climatic and environmental factors are still unknown. Recently, the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organization (SPRFMO) has included D. gigas as one of the managing targets. Therefore, it is urgent for us to focus scientific research on examining spatio-temporal distributions of D. gigas in the Southeast Pacific Ocean and exploring response mechanism of D. gigas to climatic and environmental conditions in order to sustainable exploitation of this stock. This project attempts to explore the potential ecological process of D. gigas responding to climatic and environmental conditions by using interdisciplinary studies, such as fisheries oceanography, satellite remote sensing and physical oceanography. The main approaches are to examine the spatio-temporal distributions of D. gigas in different regions in the Southeast Pacific Ocean and to evaluate the impacts of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and global ocean warming on the abundance and distribution of D. gigas. This proposal will develop scientific bases for the sustainable exploitation of D. gigas and provide scientific research system for exploring the response mechanism of other ommastrephidae squids to the climatic and environmental conditions.

茎柔鱼（Dosidicus gigas）广泛分布于东南太平洋海域，具有极高经济价值，茎柔鱼渔业是我国远洋渔业重要组成部分。茎柔鱼生命周期短，气候变化与海洋环境相互作用对其资源丰度和空间分布影响显著，但不同海域内茎柔鱼时空分布格局以及对气候因子的生态响应过程尚不清楚。目前南太平洋区域性国际渔业管理组织已将茎柔鱼纳入管理范畴，为可持续利用该资源，掌握茎柔鱼资源时空分布格局及对气候和环境变化的生态响应这一重要科学问题变得极为紧迫。通过将渔业资源学与统计学、卫星遥感以及物理海洋学等学科交叉，揭示东南太平洋不同海域内茎柔鱼资源时空分布规律，评估恩索现象以及全球海洋变暖对茎柔鱼时空格局的影响，最终阐明茎柔鱼资源时空变动对气候和环境因子的生态响应过程。本项目为茎柔鱼资源的可持续利用和渔业管理提供依据。同时，本课题为大洋性柔鱼类资源对气候和环境变化响应研究提供研究案例。

茎柔鱼广泛分布于东南太平洋海域，具有的极高经济价值。茎柔鱼较短生命周期决定该种类栖息地对气候变化与海洋环境非常敏感。本项目基于影响茎柔鱼的关键环境因子，通过将渔业资源学科与统计学、卫星遥感以及物理海洋学等学科进行交叉研究，系统构建了东南太平洋茎柔鱼栖息地评估及中心渔场预测体系，解析了赤道和秘鲁海域茎柔鱼栖息地时空分布对环境因子的响应差异及海洋动力因素影响机理，全面厘清了不同气候背景下东南太平洋茎柔鱼栖息地的时空变化规律。分析认为，赤道和秘鲁海域环境对茎柔鱼的分布影响差异显著，海流和涡旋等中尺度过程可能对赤道海域茎柔鱼渔场产生重要影响，而上升流对秘鲁外海茎柔鱼资源丰度的时空分布具有较大调控作用；基于多元环境因子的茎柔鱼栖息地评估模型可成功预测不同海域茎柔鱼中心渔场的时空分布，准确率在80%以上；厄尔尼诺事件、PDO暖位相以及全球海洋增暖对茎柔鱼栖息地适宜性产生负面效应，适宜面积会大幅缩减，而拉尼娜事件和PDO冷位相有利于形成高产的茎柔鱼栖息地条件，此外，不同气候背景下茎柔鱼的适宜栖息地空间位置会发生显著迁移。研究表明，开发茎柔鱼资源，需要考虑评估不同海域、不同海洋环境条件以及不同气候背景等关键特征要素，本项目研究结果显著提高对茎柔鱼资源变动的认知能力，为茎柔鱼资源的可持续利用和渔业管理提供依据。