冷涡系统环境下导致大风天气的对流系统分布特征与机理研究

Widespread, long-lived, convective high winds are often easy to cause casualties, most of which are produced by squall line systems. The cold vortex system over Mongolia, north China or northeast China is the important one of synoptic-scale systems in favor of squall line systems. In order to provide a basis to forecast severe convective weather, it is very necessary to study the initiation and developing mechanism of squall line system under the environment of cold vortex system. Based on the multi-source observations and mesoscale numerical simulation and summarizing previous studies, the project will study the distribution of convective high winds and squall line systems under cold vortex system, study the environmental physical parameter differences of different types of squall line systems (ordinary squall line systems and bow echo squall line systems), trigger and developing mechanism of squall line, the bow echo forming mechanisms. Finally, the project will obtain the multi-scale developing conceptual models of different types of squall line under the environment of cold vortex system. The conceptual models must contain quantitative physical characteristics. The main innovations of the project is the climatological distribution, comprehensive features of trigger mechanism and multi-scale comprehensive development conceptual models of squall line system under the environment of cold vortex system.

区域性雷暴大风过程往往易于导致人员伤亡，而飑线是导致雷暴大风天气的重要中尺度天气系统之一。发生在蒙古、华北或者东北的冷涡天气系统是导致我国飑线的重要天气尺度系统之一。为了给强对流天气预报提供基础，非常有必要研究我国冷涡天气系统背景下飑线活动特征和发生发展机理。本申请项目基于多源观测资料和中尺度数值模拟资料，在总结分析以前研究成果基础上，分析我国冷涡天气系统背景下雷暴大风和飑线系统的分布特征，分析研究不同类型飑线（普通飑线和弓形回波飑线等）的环境物理量特征差异、飑线系统的触发和维持机制、弓形回波的形成机制，最终获得冷涡环境下不同类型飑线的包含定量特征的多尺度综合发展概念模型。本项目的主要创新点是冷涡环境下飑线活动气候分布特征、触发机制综合特征与包含定量特征的飑线多尺度综合发展概念模型。

区域性雷暴大风过程往往易于导致人员伤亡，而飑线是导致雷暴大风天气的重要中尺度天气系统之一。发生在蒙古、华北或者东北的冷涡天气系统则是导致我国飑线的重要天气尺度系统之一。本项目回顾了国内外的相关研究进展，重点基于多源观测资料和中尺度数值模拟资料，研究了我国冷涡天气系统及其影响区域的气候分布，冷涡背景下雷暴大风天气、闪电和飑线系统分布特征，雷暴大风天气和飑线的环境物理量特征，不同强度冷涡与飑线系统的关系，不同类型飑线系统触发和维持机制及其差异，弓形回波的形成机制，雷暴大风风灾现场调查和不同风速等级标准回顾等。最后，根据冷涡影响下飑线系统位于冷涡部位和触发机制的差异，发展了冷涡东南象限的冷锋触发型飑线初始阶段和成熟阶段多尺度发展概念模型、冷涡西南象限或者底部的边界层辐合线触发型飑线初始阶段和成熟阶段多尺度发展概念模型两类，展示了两类飑线的差异。