东北黑土区农药-重金属复合污染的线虫分子诊断及毒理机制研究

As the important food-producing base, the Black Soil Region in Northeast China is being exposed to soil environmental pollutions. It is eager to study on the risk assessment and ecotoxicolgical mechanism of pesticides and heavy metals combined Pollution in the Black Soil Region. Nematodes are the most abundant invertebrates in soil ecological system, and have been used as model organisms in ecotoxicological research to evaluate environmental pollution. This study integrates laboratory and field investigations to revel the toxic character of pesticides and heavy metals combined pollution using Caenorhabditis elegans, and discuss the ecotoxicological mechanism of pesticides and heavy metals combined pollution in Black Soil Region. By expressed sequence tags and two-dimensional electrophoresis, molecular biomarkers would be shown for the combined pollution of pesticides and heavy metals, and doze-effect relation of pollutants and markers could post the mechanism of molecular response. The ecotoxicological assessment system for combined pollution of pesticides and heavy metals using nematodes as model organism will can provide theory and methodology on the risk assessment and contamination control of the Black Soil Region.

作为我国重要粮食生产基地的东北黑土区，土壤环境污染不断加重，迫切需要在黑土区进行农药-重金属复合污染的风险评价和生态毒理研究。线虫是土壤生态系统中最为丰富且广布的动物类群，被视为环境污染与生态破坏的敏感性指示生物之一。本研究综合室内模拟试验、野外受控实验和原地定位观测，利用模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫，系统揭示农药和重金属复合污染的毒性特征，探讨典型污染黑土区农田线虫的生态毒理学机制；通过差异表达基因和蛋白质组学方法，综合应用分子生物学技术，寻求具有作为农药-重金属复合污染胁迫的分子生物标志物，细化目标分子与复合污染胁迫的剂量效应关系,并揭示分子毒理机制。综合分子、生理、生态层次，建立以线虫为模式动物的农药-重金属复合污染的生态毒理效应评价系统，为东北黑土区污染风险评价和恢复治理提供理论依据和研究方法。

截至2016年12月，面上项目《东北黑土区农药-重金属复合污染的线虫分子诊断及毒理机制研究》已完成项目计划书中全部内容。系统揭示了草甘膦、敌敌畏等典型农药与砷等重金属对线虫的联合毒性效应、毒理机制及分子生物学标识物表征。在东北典型农田样地，进行了线虫生态毒理及分子诊断的生态监测与定位试验。本研究综合应用毒理学、污染生态学、线虫分类学、遗传学、生物化学及分子生物学方法，在分子、个体及生态水平，建立了以线虫为模式生物的典型农药-重金属复合污染的生态毒理效应表征指标体系，为东北农田和受损生态系统的污染风险评价及恢复治理提供理论、方法及数据基础。