地质聚合物凝胶材料多孔结构形成与调控机理及其在无机膜制备中的研究与应用

Inorganic ceramic membrane possesses many advantages but it is difficult to fabricate and with high manufacturing costs and non lagre-scale application. Geopolymer is a type of inorganic polymer materials of three-dimensional network structures, consisted of tetrahedral [AlO4] and [SiO4] units, which is of excellently resistance to acid and alkali, thermal stability at high temperature and free-sintering. If these advantages are used in inorganic membrane, it will overcome some defecs of traditional inorganic membrane and promote the development of inorganic membrane manufacturing technology. In our previous work, preparation process of geopolymer gels materials was studied. Based on these, this project will aim at controllable technology of controllable porosity and pore size. The geopolymer inorganic membrane will be synthesized with alkali-based geopolymers as the main matrix materials below the temperature of 60 ºC through adding water pore forming agent. The preparation mechanism of membrane materials will be investigated by the MIP, BET, SEM and HRTEM, and get theory model of porous structure formation by studying the action of capillary water, hydration cations and anion groups. The separation properties of these supported or self-supported membranes that are fabricated by dip-coating or casting process, which will be analyzed according to standard method. The relationships among the separation properties, separation condition and natural instincts of membrane materials were systematically studied. It was explored that these inorganic membranes would be used in water treatment field.

无机陶瓷膜制备中需要高温烧结且不易加工成型，成本也高，限制了大规模应用；地质聚合物是一种由铝氧四面体和硅氧四面体构成的三维网络无机聚合物材料，具有低温成型、耐酸碱、耐高温、成本低等优点，因而有助于克服无机膜制备中的诸多缺点。本课题组前期已经获得了地质聚合物多孔材料的制备工艺，本项目将在此研究基础上，以水为造孔剂，在低于60ºC条件下制备出孔径分布与气孔率可控、具有较高强度的地质聚合物材料用于无机膜制备。项目拟通过压汞仪、BET、SEM、HRTEM等手段研究地质聚合物凝胶材料孔结构的形成机理、孔径大小与孔隙率的调控机理；同时系统研究毛细水、水合阳离子、阴离子团等在凝胶材料多孔结构形成与调控中的规律，获得理论模型。以此为基础，利用注模法制备自支撑无机膜或者利用浸涂法制备支撑体无机膜，系统研究地质聚合物无机膜的分离透过性能与膜材料微结构之间的关系，并搭建膜分离装置，探索其在水处理领域的应用。

地质聚合物是一种由铝氧四面体和硅氧四面体构成的三维无机聚合物材料，具有低温成型、耐酸碱、耐高温、成本低等优点，可用于制备膜分离材料，克服传统无机膜和有机膜材料的缺点。将地质聚合物凝胶材料基体材料，深入系统的研究地质聚合物反应机理、胶凝材料的结构和性能、地质聚合物孔结构形成机理和调控等方面，为地质聚合物中孔结构形成及调控提供理论依据。以偏高岭土、矿渣等原料为前躯体材料，以工业水玻璃、氢氧化钠为碱激发剂，以水、双氧水等为造孔剂，采用浇注成型法制备了地质聚合物基沸石分子筛微孔材料、沸石膜材料、多孔吸附材料、无机膜材料、微球材料等，用于去除饮用水中钙镁离子，气体中PM，染料废水中甲基橙，造纸绿液中悬浮物，重金属废水中Pb、Sr等离子，在地质聚合物凝胶材料、化工分离材料、工业废水处理等领域取得了一系列的研究成果。项目资助发表SCI论文22篇，其中SCI一区论文6篇，SCI二区论文12篇；发表中国发明专利8项，授权2项。培养博士研究生2名，硕士研究生10名。