全谷类食物摄入与2型糖尿病关系的队列研究

Epidemiological studies have shown that increased consumption of whole grains reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The collection of dietary data in such studies generally uses the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). However, FFQ has inherent limitations that easily lead to systematic errors and random errors, dietary biomarkers have become a good alternative or supplement to dietary surveys. Recently, alkylresorcinol metabolites have been proposed as biomarkers for whole-grain intake. Our previous studies showed that plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites were negatively associated with T2DM, but the causal and dose-response relationship remains unclear. In addition, due to the differences in dietary patterns between China and western countries, the use of alkylresorcinol metabolites as biomarkers in Chinese population has yet to be validated. This study intends to explore the correlation of alkylresorcinol metabolites with whole-grain intake and the reliability of alkylresorcinol metabolites through an intervention trial and an observational study. Additionally, we plan to investigate the association between alkylresorcinol metabolites and T2DM risk in our prospective cohort study, and clarify the dose-response relationship. Our research will provide further evidence for the role of whole-grain intake in preventing T2DM and a new approach to nutritional epidemiology.

流行病学研究显示增加全谷类食物摄入可降低2型糖尿病的患病风险。这类研究通常采用食物频率问卷法估算个体的食物摄入水平，然而膳食调查存在其固有的局限性，而膳食生物标志物的开发与运用则成为膳食调查的一种替代和补充。近年来烷基间苯二酚代谢产物被建议作为全谷类食物摄入的生物标志物。本课题组前期研究结果显示血浆烷基间苯二酚代谢产物与2型糖尿病呈负关联，但其因果关系和剂量-效应关系尚不明确。此外，我国与西方国家膳食模式存在差异，烷基间苯二酚代谢产物作为生物标志物能否应用于中国人群有待验证。本研究拟通过干预试验和观察性试验探究机体烷基间苯二酚代谢产物与全谷类食物摄入的相关性及其可重现性；通过队列研究阐明机体烷基间苯二酚代谢产物与2型糖尿病的因果关系，确定剂量-效应关系。本项目的实施将为全谷类食物摄入与2型糖尿病的关系提供更深层次的证据支撑，并且从膳食生物标志物的角度，为营养流行病学研究提供新的思路和途径。

本项目旨在通过人群试验明确血浆ARs代谢产物DHPPA与全谷类食物摄入的相关性及重现性，验证其作为全谷类食物摄入的生物标志物能否应用于中国人群，并通过前瞻性队列研究探讨机体DHPPA水平与2型糖尿病的因果关系。流行病学研究通常采用食物频率问卷法估算个体的食物摄入水平，然而膳食调查存在其固有的局限性，因此本研究采用客观的膳食生物标志物作为调查手段。我们首先建立优化了一套前处理简便、稳定可靠的基于高效液相色谱串联质谱的血浆DHPPA定量检测方法，为后续的人群研究奠定了方法学基础。通过人群试验招募了155名健康志愿者，探讨血浆DHPPA与全谷类食物摄入的相关性及重现性，结果显示血浆DHPPA与谷物膳食纤维呈现显著正相关，且具有较好的可靠性。进一步通过人群队列研究探讨机体DHPPA水平和2型糖尿病发病风险的因果关系，结果发现随着血浆DHPPA水平升高，T2DM患病风险逐渐降低。本项目的开展不仅为全谷类食物摄入和2型糖尿病风险降低提供了更深层次的数据支撑，而且揭示了除传统的膳食调查外，可以应用更为客观的膳食生物标志物来研究膳食与糖尿病之间的关系，为营养流行病学研究提供了新的思路和途径。