基于不同空间尺度遥感的矿区土壤重金属污染监测研究

Soil heavy metal contamination as one of the most prominent environmental problems in rapid industrialization of the society, it is bringing a great harm to the human existence and their surrounding environments. Nowadays, monitoring and treatment of the soil heavy metals has become a research hotspot and challenge in the related fields. In order to achieve monitoring the soil heavy metal contamination in bigger scale, rapidly and continuously, this study will select the coal mining soil of the Fukang city in Xinjiang as the research objective, the monitoring the soil heavy metal contamination as a starting point, combination of field survey and indoor experiment, modeling methods, (1) soil heavy metal content and distribution pattern of the soil will be analyzed, the soil heavy metal risk will be assessed, the influence range of soil contamination affected by the opening coal mining will be discussed. (2) The correlation of soil spectra (ground- middle- space) and heavy metal content will be analyzed, and the special band that related to soil heavy metal contamination will be select and the prediction model of the soil heavy metal will be established. (3) Combination of the ground hyperspectral data, drone, high resolution spatial satellite data (Hyperion) will be scale transformed by using different spatial scale remote sensing data to establish the coupled model of soil heavy metal contamination. Finally, we will be monitoring the heavy metals in soil at large scale using combined multi-scale spectrum. The research results will provide the scientific basis and technical support for monitoring and early warning of the arid region soil contamination.

土壤重金属污染作为社会工业化进程中最突出环境问题之一，给人类生存及其周边环境造成了极大的危害，目前，土壤重金属污染监测和治理已成为相关领域研究热点和难点问题。本项目以实现土壤重金属污染大面积、快速、连续监测为目标，选取新疆阜康市矿区重金属污染土壤为研究对象，以土壤重金属遥感监测方法为研究主线，结合野外观测、室内实验和模型模拟手段：（1）分析土壤的重金属含量及其空间分布特征，评价土壤重金属风险，探讨煤矿开采对土壤污染的影响范围；（2）探明土壤光谱（地-中-空）与重金属含量之间的相关性，筛选出土壤重金属污染有关的特征波段，构建土壤重金属预测模型；（3）将地面光谱，无人机载，卫星遥感数据相结合，对不同空间尺度的遥感进行尺度转换，构建区域土壤重金属污染监测的耦合模型，实现多尺度组合光谱对区域尺度土壤重金属含量的监测。研究结果可为干旱地区土壤重金属污染监测和预警提供科学依据和技术支持。

本项目针对于干旱、半干旱地区工业化过程中的土壤重金属污染问题，以新疆天山北坡经济带作为研究霸区，土壤重金属污染遥感快速监测作为主要研究目标，利用地理学、生态学和环境科学的相关理论，结合野外观测、室内实验，采用地累积指数法，内梅罗综合污染指数法，潜在生态风险指数法，地统计学法，优化光谱指数，PLSR模型等方法，分析天山北坡土壤重金属污染特征并探讨其污染程度，划分污染等级以及空间分布特征；揭示主要污染来源和污染影响范围；利用PMF（正定矩阵因子）模型不同污染来源对土壤重金属污染的贡献率进行了评价；通过分析致癌和非致癌指数研究区土壤重金属元素对人体健康风险进行了评估。通过建立土壤重金属污染预测模型，遥感技术对土壤重金属污染的可行性进行了探索。利用不同年份的遥感影像对研究区生态环境质量变化进行了监测与评价。本项目研究成果为干旱地区土壤重金属污染快速监测，污染预警和治理方面提供理论基础和技术方法。通过三年的研究，顺利完成了项目计划要求。本项目执行期间，已发表学术论文8篇，其中SCI收录论文4篇，EI收录论文1篇，其他中文核心期刊论文3篇。已培养本科生3名。