基于缓蚀应用的氮杂环类表面活性剂分子构筑与吸附性能研究

N-heterocyclic surfactants owns alkyl chains and N-heterocyclic head groups, which possess high surface activity, high electric charge density, and tend to adsorb on the solid surface. Therefore, it has specific and excellent properties for environment management, oil and mining industry field potential application. In this project, a series of N-heterocyclic surfactants are synthesized, through controlling the hydrophilic head groups, the hydrophobic chain and the spacer length. The surface activity properties of various N-heterocyclic surfactants are investigated by means of surface tension meter and conductivity. The equilibrium data with the kinetic and structural information will be investigated to describe the adsorption process for N-heterocyclic surfactants. Traditional equilibrium data, such as adsorption isotherms obtained from depletion approaches, and information gained using the most popular techniques such as atomic force microscopy, fluorescence quenching are examined. A description of the evidence for discrete aggregation on different substrates, and the morphology of these aggregates are obtained. The relationship between the different factors and the adsorption property of surfactants is discussed. The adsorption mechanism of different structures of N-heterocyclic surfactants on different substrates will be proposed. Moreover, the surface shape appearance figures will show the direct phenomenon of corrosion, and the thermodynamic and kinetics parameters can be obtained from the experimental data. This project involves the synthesis of N-heterocyclic surfactants, surface activities and adsorption properties of surfactants. This investigation can not only developed a series of practical surfactants, but also provide basic data for agents which are used in the oilfield and industrial wastewater treatment and other field.

油田开发过程中材料的腐蚀一直是极为突出的问题，有关高效缓蚀剂的应用和理论研究越来越受到重视。本课题中，我们基于前期对于咪唑Gemini表面活性剂的聚集行为、缓蚀性能等相关的研究基础，从缓蚀剂和表面活性剂结构特点出发，系统地开展以咪唑啉环和咪唑环为头基的新型氮杂环类表面活性剂设计、制备及相关吸附性能研究。通过研究氮杂环表面活性剂在固液界面的吸附方式、微观过程和规律，探究表面活性剂的结构与吸附性能的科学关联性，系统考察外界因素对表面活性剂在固液界面吸附的影响，明确氮杂环类表面活性剂在固体表面（选用金属片、氧化物微球等）的吸附本质及机理，以期拓展对金属表面的表面活性剂（缓蚀剂）吸附和聚集现象的科学认识，为设计和选择缓蚀用的表面活性剂分子结构提供理论基础。

项目针对油田开发过程中材料（油井金属设备、输油管线）的腐蚀等实际问题，结合缓蚀剂和表面活性剂结构特点，围绕以咪唑环和咪唑啉环为头基的新型氮杂环类表面活性剂，开展了氮杂环表面活性剂的制备、聚集行为、吸附性质和缓蚀性能等相关的研究工作。通过控制烷基链的结合位点、烷基链的长度等，设计、制备得到了结构和性能丰富的氮杂环表面活性剂。系统研究了氮杂环表面活性剂结构的改变对于其表面活性性质的影响。着重探究了氮杂环表面活性剂在石英、氧化物纳米颗粒和碳钢表面的吸附性能，探究了温度和外加尿素等对其吸附性能的影响，明确了氮杂环表面活性剂在固体表面的吸附机理，并完成了氮杂环表面活性剂对碳钢表面的缓蚀性能初步评价。本研究可为用于缓蚀的表面活性剂的开发及应用提供基础数据和理论指导。