抗虫转基因水稻对节肢动物多样性风险的快速评价方法及应用

Effect of transgenic rice on biodiversity is the most important part in transgenic risk assessment, while evaluation of insect-resistant transgenic rice against biodiversity is a heavy work, which can be often time and resource consuming. Therefore, in the context of the rapid development of transgenic rice worldwide, exploring rapid and efficient techniques and methods for the biodiversity assessment becomes an important and urgent task. Based on the recent ten year data and current research data on arthropod community collected by our research team, we will study correlations between richness and diversity of higher taxa and species richness, correlations among functional groups or taxonomic groups, and correlations between the groups and the total arthropod community in the insect-resistant transgenic and non-transgenic rice, respectively, whose variations will be further determined. The aim is to find surrogates for the complete species inventory, including the higher taxon surrogate and surrogate taxa, which could be used for rapid risk assessments of transgenic rice. The achieved surrogates for arthropod diversity will be further validated by the traditional diversity indices and the three-dimensional measurement for species diversity with the field data. Finally, the effects of the insect-resistant transgenic rice with commercialized prospects in Fujian province on arthropod diversity will be systematically evaluated using the biodiversity surrogate, traditional diversity indices and the three-dimensional measurement for species diversity.

转基因水稻对生物多样性的影响是转基因环境安全性评价的重要内容。然而传统的生物多样性评价过于繁重，需耗费大量的人力、物力和时间。在全球转基因水稻快速发展的背景下，探索快速有效的生物多样性评价技术和方法刻不容缓，是转基因水稻安全性评价丞待解决的重要问题。本项目基于课题组近10年所搜集的节肢动物群落数据，结合新近研究数据，研究分析抗虫转基因与非转基因稻田的节肢动物高级分类阶元与种阶元丰富度及群落结构关系、不同节肢动物功能团或分类类群之间，以及与总体节肢动物多样性的关系，进一步明确其相关性在两类稻田间的一致性，旨在筛选可用于快速评价抗虫转基因水稻环境安全性的节肢动物多样性替代指标（包括高级分类阶元替代物和替代性生物类群）。利用传统多样性指数和多样性三维测度方法，通过田间数据验证节肢动物多样性替代指标的可靠性，并结合多种指标和方法综合评价福建省具有产业化前景的抗虫转基因水稻对节肢动物多样性的安全性。

课题组通过整理已有的科研数据，分析了抗虫转基因与非转基因稻田蜘蛛群落高级分类阶元与物种丰富度的相关性，验证了各分类阶元的相关性在抗虫转基因与非转基因稻田间的一致性，明确了科和属都能够很好地替代种阶元作为评价蜘蛛多样性安全性的高级分类阶元。研究了抗虫转基因与非转基因稻田不同节肢动物功能类群（捕食性昆虫、寄生蜂、蜘蛛、中性节肢动物、靶标害虫、非靶标害虫）之间组成和结构的相关性，以及不同功能类群与其他剩余节肢动物群落组成和结构的相关性，明确了若仅考虑对非靶标生物多样性的评价，各类群均可以作为其他类群的典型代表。提出了以群落结构差异贡献率作为替代指示生物类群筛选的标准之一。综合利用多种指标和方法系统评价了转cry1Ab抗虫水稻对节肢动物多样性的安全性。项目研究结果可为转基因水稻的环境安全评价提供了一个新的策略和方法，有助于提高生物多样性安全评价的效率。