基于含能粘结剂体系PBX原位三维复合界面增强设计与机理研究

Nitroamine explosive such as CL-20 and energetic binders such as GAP –based high energy PBX is a kind of promising high damage ammunition. Although CL-20/ GAP PBX has excellent energy characteristic, the weak mechanical properties limit its application. So, it is a hot research to balance the energy and mechanical properties. Improving the interface between CL-20 and GAP is an effective way to improve the mechanical properties. Therefore, this project intends to design and synthesis of the new type of hyperbranched polyether alkyne reaction mixture containing bonding and crosslinking functions to enhance CL-20 and GAP interface interaction. Then, using dual- curing reaction containing polyurethane curing and click reaction method to prepare the strong three-dimensional cross-linked network structure on the surface of CL-20 obtained by bonding agent, GAP, isocyanate reaction. So a CL-20/GAP based high energy PBX is obtained and its interface was significantly increased, and reveals its interface enhancement mechanism. The result of this proposed research will facilitate the design and production of high-energy content explosives, and promote the development of new functional additives for efficient bonding nitroamine explosives and energetic binders.

基于硝胺类炸药CL-20和含能粘结剂GAP的高能PBX是极具应用前景的一类高效毁伤弹药，虽然具有优异的能量特性，但其力学性能的不足严重限制了其应用，如何平衡其能量与力学性能是该类PBX炸药研究的热点，而改善CL-20与GAP的界面作用是提高其力学性能的有效途径。为此，本项目拟从增强CL-20与GAP界面相互作用入手，设计并合成一类集键合、交联功能于一体的新型超支化聚醚炔键合剂，采用聚氨酯反应-点击化学双固化法，在CL-20表面构筑由键合剂、GAP、异氰酸酯反应得到的强三维立体交联网络结构，进而获得界面作用显著增强的CL-20/GAP基高能PBX，并揭示其界面增强机理。本研究不但对新型高能PBX设计、制备具有重要参考价值，同时对发展能高效键合硝胺类炸药和含能粘结剂的新型功能助剂有积极意义。

在高聚物粘结炸药（PBX）中，高含量的硝胺填料会导致填料与粘结剂界面粘结性差，从而发生“脱湿”。键合剂可以很大程度上改善填料与粘结剂的界面但是，传统键合剂中的羟基会与异氰酸酯基发生反应，而羟基数量过多会导致过度交联，以上因素都会使PBX的固化体系的力学性能下降。本项目的主要成果有：（1）合成两种类型的含氰基和炔基的超支化键合剂（增强剂），实现了其结构和性能可控；（2）获得了键合剂与GAP基体的反应特性，建立反应与三维网络结构微观和宏观的关系；（3）揭示了增强剂、增强剂与GAP形成单及双固化网络结构与CL-20相互作用规律，建立界面作用力与宏观力学性能之间的关系；（4）实现增强剂在PBX炸药的应用，获得综合性能良好的PBX，为键合剂的推广应用奠定了基础。