自同步微电网控制机理与方法研究

With the rapid development of microgrid technology, it faces the problem of low inertia and weak damping of power electronic equipment and highly communication dependence due to its control architecture. Self-synchronizing microgrid is a microgrid based on two-layer control architecture which is decentralized and autonomous. The two-layer architecture includes virtual inertia units and energy management system. The fast networking control technology of virtual inertia units is an important guarantee for its safe and stable operation of self- synchronizing microgrid, which is urgent to be studied. The application of virtual synchronization technology in microgrid has achieved certain results at home and abroad. However, existing studies have failed to solve the problem of virtual inertia optimal matching and mutual clamping between agile control and robust control under decentralized and autonomous architecture. In order to solve the above problems, the project is divided into four directions: research on self-synchronizing microgrid modeling and stability mechanism, research on timely inertial and damping matching principle, research on accurate identification methods of normal and fault state fluctuation and research on power interaction and coordinated control strategy of self-synchronous microgrid. After introducing the virtual inertia, the project mainly faces the following challenges: how to quantitative analyses the stability mechanism of microgrid, accurate matching system virtual inertia at multiple times scales, and realizes rapid and stable control of self-synchronous microgrid. The research results will construct a new generation microgrid systems with high reliability, rapid response and strong scalability. At the same time, it will provide high quality research models for operation mechanisms of future microgrid.

微电网技术的快速发展，面临着电力电子装备低惯量、弱阻尼和系统控制架构高度依赖通信两方面问题。自同步微电网即基于虚拟同步机技术的微源、负荷等系列惯量接入终端设备和能量管理系统两层架构的微电网，其源-荷-储间快速组网控制技术是其安全稳定运行的重要保障。目前国内外在虚拟同步机技术应用于微电网运行控制方面已获得一定成果，已有研究未能解决微网内及微网与主网间惯量最优匹配、分散自律结构下系统敏捷控制与鲁棒控制相互钳制的问题。本项目将进行自同步微电网建模及稳定机理、适时惯量与阻尼匹配、常态与故障波动精准辨识以及功率交互与协调控制研究，进而构建自同步微电网控制理论和方法体系。项目主要面临以下挑战：定量分析引入虚拟惯量后微电网稳定机理、精准匹配系统多时间尺度运行下虚拟惯量，实现系统快速稳定控制。研究成果将构建可靠性高、响应快速、扩展性强的新一代微电网系统，为未来微电网运行机理和机制提供高质量研究范本。

当前快速发展的微电网技术是促进配电网负荷就地平衡、改善供电可靠性、提高可再生能源利用率的有效手段，然而微电网技术的快速发展，面临着电力电子装备低惯量、弱阻尼和系统控制架构高度依赖通信两方面问题。自同步微电网即基于虚拟同步机技术的微源、负荷等系列惯量接入终端设备和能量管理系统两层架构的微电网，其源－荷－储间快速组网控制技术是其安全稳定运行的重要保障。目前国内外在虚拟同步机技术应用于微电网运行控制方面已获得一定成果，但已有研究未能解决微网内及微网与主网间惯量最优匹配、分散自律结构下系统敏捷控制与鲁棒控制相互钳制的问题。本项目基于自同步微电网组网控制机理，针对具备惯量的微电网数学模型、惯量阻尼的匹配、电网故障和常态波动的辨识、自同步微电网的功率交互与协调控制机理开展研究。.通过本项目的研究，建立了具备虚拟惯量的自同步微电网模型，搭建了引入含大量惯量控制变流器微电网分层自律协同架构，从数学上解释自同步微电网提高组网快速性、鲁棒性和经济性的理论依据；提出了微电网惯量与阻尼和系统惯量与阻尼匹配控制方法，解决了微电网与配电网惯量和阻尼交互机理问题，为实现微源和微电网间高可靠智能互动提供理论支撑；提出了常态与故障波动精准辨识及控制方法，突破惯量引入条件后，在复杂线路阻抗、混杂电力电子环境、弱电网等条件下对孤岛、故障等无法精确辨识的难题；剖析了不同输出阻抗、线路阻抗、负荷阻抗等因素变化造成功率复杂交互本质，深入阐述自同步微电网的功率交互与协调控制机理。.本项目研究成果有助于构建可靠性高、响应快速、扩展性强的新一代微电网组网技术框架，为未来微电网运行机理和机制提供高质量研究范本，进一步促进节能减排和分布式可再生能源的高效利用，为新型电力系统的研究与建设提供理论和实践支撑，助力“双碳”战略目标的实现。