复合双极化天线及其在雷达导引头中的应用研究

It is very important to develop the advanced radar seeker in the military. This project proposes a new concept of cognitive radar seeker with dual polarization, and mainly researches the design theory and implementation method of active and passive compound antennas with dual polarization for the proposed radar seeker. The aim is to solve the electromagnetic coupling problem between the active and passive antennas with dual polarization and realize their cooperative work.The compound antenna arrays are composed of active antenna array with dual polarization and passive antenna array with dual polarization and wide band. The active antenna array is located in the middle of antenna aperture, and the passive antenna array is located around the active antenna array. Firstly, based on the space size of the missile, the active and passive antenna elements with dual polarization will be designed, respectively. Secondly, according to the space configuration mode of active and passive antennas, the electromagnetic radiation characteristics and electromagnetic coupling characteristics of the compound antenna arrays will be calculated through full wave electromagnetic simulation method. The compound antenna array with good performances will be designed through parameter optimizing. Thirdly, the designed compound antenna array will be fabricated, which can validate the proposed design method. Finally, based on the polarization scattering characteristics of the typical target, the implementation scheme of cognitive radar seeker with dual polarization will be designed, and several key problems including fully polarization waveform design, beamforming, target detection and interference suppression method will be explored.The research of this project will lay a solid foundation of theory and technology for the development of this kind of radar seeker.

研制先进的雷达导引头在军事上具有重要的意义。本项目提出一种新体制双极化认知雷达导引头的概念，主要研究该雷达导引头中主被动复合双极化天线阵列的设计理论与实现方法，以解决双极化主被动天线之间的电磁耦合问题，实现主被动天线的协同工作。该复合天线阵列由位于口面中间的主动双极化天线阵列和周围的被动宽带双极化天线阵列组成。首先，基于弹体空间尺寸，分别设计主被动工作的双极化天线单元。其次，根据主被动天线的空间排布方式，采用全波电磁仿真方法计算复合天线阵列的电磁辐射特性和耦合特性；通过参数优化，设计出性能优良的复合天线阵列。然后，对设计好的复合天线阵列进行加工的测试，验证设计方法的有效性。最后，基于典型目标的极化散射特性，研究双极化认知雷达导引头的实现方案，探索该导引头中全极化波形设计、波束形成、目标检测和抗干扰方法等关键问题. 本项目的研究将为该雷达导引头的研制奠定坚实的理论和技术基础。

研制先进的雷达导引头在军事上具有重要的意义。本项目提出一种新体制双极化认知雷达导引头的概念，基于多域信息融合处理的方法实现雷达抗干扰能力的提升。本项目进行了雷达系统实现方案的设计，分析了主被动雷达信息融合的原理，提出了复合双极化天线阵列的结构模型。仿真了双极化介质谐振器天线(DRA)和双极化喇叭天线，设计的天线可以有效节省天线的结构和复杂度。设计了一种宽带双极化喇叭天线，研究了一种阵列条件下的全极化单脉冲测角和极化参数的估计方法，仿真结果证了算法的有效性。提出了一种基于共形Vivaldi天线的极化敏感阵列，可解决复合天线系统的协同工作问题。提出了一种高隔离度的复合式极化敏感天线方案，设计了一种金属栅网式的电磁隔离装置，该装置具有波束赋形的效果。研究了一种基于背腔式双极化对数周期天线阵列的测向系统，测向算法考虑了天线阵列的方向图覆盖范围和辐射场的空间极化特性，仿真结果证了算法的有效性。提出了一种基于互补对数周期的双极化天线的设计方案，设计的天线由折叠缝隙对数周期天线和印刷振子型对数周期天线组成，仿真结果验证了其有效性。设计了一种基于改进型巴仑的超宽带双极化Vivaldi天线，仿真结果验证了其有效性。探索了一种双极化铁氧体谐振器天线(FRA)，该天线采用非对称式结构实现双极化工作模式，利用电磁仿真软件对该天线模型进行了仿真和分析。分别设计了同轴馈电的双极化宽带DRA和差分馈电的双极化宽带DRA，给出了设计和仿真的结果。提出了一种基于正交电磁源的超宽带双极化天线，设计的天线在空间上具有更好的极化正交特性。研究了基于极化信号处理的抗干扰技术，开展了双极化雷达导引头的设计方案和极化信号处理算法方面的研究。本项目提出的复合双极化天线及极化雷达导引头技术可用于某些飞航导弹等领域，研究成果具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。