涤纶纺织品的光化学整理及其持久抗菌防螨和吸湿亲水性研究

Antibacterial, moisture-guiding, and hydrophilic finishing polyester (PET) for preparing comfortable PET fabric is becoming one of the hottest research topics domestically and internationally due to great potential in both academic and industrial fields. Usually, antibacterial, moisture management, and hydrophilic coatings applied to PET fabric through conventional finishing processes are not durable to long-term due to laundering. Several surface modification methods have been developed to improve PET surface by chemical reaction with amide, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups produced by breaking polymer chains via amiolysis, hydrolysis, and other methods. However, these methods usually decrease the mechanical properties of PET significantly, and, furthermore, surface roughness and hand feeling of PET fabric were affected.. The C-H structure of PET is chosen as grafting site, and the main aim in this project is to design and synthesize novel hydrophilic antibacterial finishing agents for PET fabric, which are bonded to the surface of PET by photochemical finishing process at room temperature to obtain durable, broad-spectrum antibacterial, anti-mite, hydrophilic hygroscopic and non-toxic PET fabric without destroying the PET chain structure. The antibacterial and anti-mite activities, the moisture management properties, hydrophilicities and anti-bacterial adhesion of PET fabric can be regulated based on structure-activity relationships between molecular structures, surface structures of PET fabric and above properties that will be established in this project. Furthermore, the principle of synergistic antibacterial effect of quaternary ammonium salt and betaine will be investigated in this project. Based on the quantitative relationship between the structure of PET fabric and bacterial adhesion, a model for bacterial adhesion of PET fabric will be set up. This research results can provide a valuable scientific basis and new idea for the surface functional modification of polymers including but not limited to PET fabric.

由于巨大的学术价值和经济效应，围绕抗菌和吸湿亲水改性以制备舒适的涤纶(PET)纺织品成为研究的热点。通常的后整理所得吸湿亲水和抗菌性缺乏持久性，而局部破坏PET主链以产生活性基团继而进行抗菌和吸湿亲水的措施，易造成PET力学性能显著下降，且影响织物的表面粗糙度和手感。本项目选择高分子共性的C-H为改性位点，拟通过设计合成新型亲水抗菌整理剂，并以常温整理工艺将其键合到PET表面，在不破坏PET链结构下，获得持久广谱高效抗菌防螨、吸湿亲水和无毒无皮肤刺激性的PET纺织品。项目拟通过分子结构和表面结构与抗菌防螨、吸湿亲水、抗细菌粘附性等构效关系研究，获得PET纺织品的抗菌防螨、吸湿亲水和抗细菌粘附性等性能的调控机制。拟通过研究季铵盐和甜菜碱的协同抗菌原理，PET纺织品结构与细菌粘附性的定量关系，构建抗细菌粘附性模型。项目成果可为PET纺织品及高分子表面改性提供一种有借鉴价值的科学依据和新思路。

由于巨大的学术价值和经济效应，围绕抗菌和吸湿亲水改性以制备舒适的涤纶(PET)纺织品成为研究的热点。常规的后整理所得吸湿亲水和抗菌性缺乏持久性，而局部破坏PET主链以产生活性基团继而进行抗菌和吸湿亲水的措施，易造成PET力学性能显著下降，且影响织物的表面粗糙度和手感。.本项目选择高分子共性的C-H为改性位点，设计合成了含反应性基团二本甲酮系列新型抗菌整理剂，并以常温整理工艺将其以共价键结合到PET表面，在不破坏PET链结构下，获得持久广谱高效抗菌（革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、真菌、耐药性院感菌）、抗病毒（H1N1流感病毒, 229E人冠状病毒）、防螨（尘屋螨）、吸湿亲水且无毒无皮肤刺激性的多功能PET纺织品，经标准洗涤50次，其抗菌活性可达到棉抗菌针织品的最高级要求标准（AAA级），远高于国内外同类技术产品水平，而对PET纺织品的力学性能、透湿透气性和色差明显影响。项目系统研究了分子结构和表面结构与抗菌防螨、吸湿亲水、抗细菌粘附性等构效关系，可定量调控PET纺织品的抗菌和抗细菌粘附性等性能，以适用于不同应用场合。通过季铵盐和甜菜碱的协同抗菌原理研究，建立了PET纺织品结构与抗菌活性和细菌粘附性的定量关系。.本项目成果(i)可显著提高PET纺织品你亲水性和抗静电性;(ii) 高效广谱抗菌活性；（iii）优异的抗病毒活性；(iv) 优异的除螨活性; (v) 显著提高提升纤维之间的相互作用力进而提升撕裂强度; (vi) 无毒无皮肤刺激性。项目研究成果已实现产业化转化，并在家纺和医用纺织品推广使用，目前正在拓展其在军用和工场合应用，已获得广东省科技进步二等奖1项。本项目研究可为纺织品抗菌、抗病毒和除螨改性提供了一种研究新思路，项目成果可为高分子纤维表面改性提供一种有借鉴价值的科学依据。