含压电-微穿孔板水下智能声学覆盖层多重耗能吸声机理与控制研究

Anechoic coating is of critical importance to sound stealth of underwater vehicle, and traditional anechoic coating’s performance on broadband sound absorption especially at low frequency range is difficult to meet the sound stealth requirements of modern underwater vehicle. In this project, a smart anechoic coating containing piezoelectric (PZT) composite and micro-perforated panels is proposed. The integrated sound absorber with multiple energy-dissipation mechanism provides an efficient solution for underwater broadband sound absorption. This project mainly focuses on the sound absorption modeling and revealing the multiple energy-dissipation mechanism of this anechoic coating. This project will explore the sound energy guide and gather technology based on PZT-cavities' changeable tuning. The structure optimization and the electrical characteristics prediction model of PVDF-MPP will be researched, and the design method of shunt circuit based on multiple modes as well as optimal energy-dissipation will be proposed. Parametric control model of smart anechoic coating based on impedance matching will be established, and optimized control strategy and algorithm will be put forward. The research achievements will provide a theoretical base and technical support for the sound stealth design of underwater vehicle, which has important theory value and broad application prospects.

声学覆盖层对水下航行器声隐身特性至关重要，传统的声学覆盖层在低频宽带吸声方面难以满足现代水下航行器声隐身需求。本项目提出的含压电-微穿孔板复合智能声学覆盖层具有多重耗能机制，为解决水下低频宽带高性能吸声问题提供一种新的途径。项目重点研究压电智能声学覆盖层吸声建模理论与方法，揭示其多重耗能吸声机制与特性；探讨压电-声腔变频声波导引与共振能量聚集技术，研究PVDF-MPP的结构优化方案与电特性预测模型，提出基于多模态最优耗能的分流阻尼电路设计方法；建立基于声阻抗匹配的智能声学覆盖层吸声参数化控制模型，提出最优控制策略、算法并设计控制系统。本项目的研究将为水下航行器的吸声降噪与声隐身性设计提供理论和技术基础，具有重要的学术价值和广阔的应用前景。

声学覆盖层对水下航行器声隐身特性至关重要，传统的声学覆盖层在低频宽带吸声方面难以满足现代水下航行器声隐身需求。本项目提出的含压电-微穿孔板复合智能声学覆盖层具有多重耗能机制，可为解决水下低频宽带高性能吸声问题提供理论基础。在项目资助期间，主要围绕复合声学覆盖层多重耗能机理、声学建模、能量聚集及吸声控制方法等展开了系统深入的研究。提出了微穿孔板-粘弹性材料耦合共振耗能机理；建立了含压电-微穿孔板的粘弹性基体多重吸声耗能模型；研究了考虑艇壳结构的一体化覆盖层声学建模方法；分析了含亚波长压电阵列结构的半主动复合覆盖层吸声特性；探索了基于声梯度折射率结构的能量聚集方法；研究了含亚波长阵列结构的吸声体的变频特性；分析了功能梯度及功能梯度纳米增强声学覆盖层的振声特性。基于模型不确定性分析理论，进行了结构参数不确定性对覆盖层声振耦合特性的影响及优化研究。在此基础上，设计制作了测试样件，利用水声阻抗管测试系统分别测试了复合声学覆盖层及考虑艇壳背衬的一体化声学覆盖层的吸声特性，并通过理论与实验结果的对比验证了本项目所提出的理论方法的正确性。本项目取得的研究成果为水下航行器复合声学覆盖层的低频宽带吸声控制及声隐身设计提供了一种新途径。