大蒜鳞芽方向串联控制过程解析及其有效控制策略构建方法

There are several factors that lead to the establishment failure of garlic direction control strategy: garlic direction control mechanism is not clear, design theory of key operating mechanism is not complete, physical characteristics of garlic is single. This is the core problem that blocks the design of garlic direction control mechanism. To solve this problem, on the basis of early application of long shoot tip features, this project uses garlic feature of low gravity center to control the direction and analysis the control process, theory and mechanism. Using seed kinematics and dynamics analysis method, combined numerical simulation and high speed photography technology, it analysis movement and posture change of garlic force during the process of direction control and reveals the series control mechanism. It applies reliability and fuzzy reliability design theory to quantize the interaction between main factors of direction control process and performance index such as vertical garlic rate and efficiency. It proposes garlic direction control strategy, optimizes garlic direction control process such as seed feeding, righting and arrangement, and explores new garlic direction control mechanism to maximize the reliability of the control system. It researches one new garlic direction control device and fulfills design theory of garlic direction control mechanism which will break the technology bottleneck of garlic planting equipment and promote the development of garlic industry.

大蒜鳞芽方向控制机理不明晰，关键工作机构设计理论不完善，鳞芽物理特征使用单一，致使大蒜鳞芽方向控制策略构建失效，成为触发鳞芽方向控制机构设计受阻、播种机具正芽功能弱化的核心难题。针对该问题，本项目在前期应用芽尖细长特征基础上，串联使用大蒜鳞芽重心靠下特征进行方向控制，并对其控制过程、机理及机构开展研究。应用种子运动学和动力学分析方法，结合数值模拟和高速摄影技术，分析大蒜鳞芽受力在方向控制各环节的运移规律和姿态变化，揭示其串联控制机理；应用可靠性和模糊可靠性设计理论，量化大蒜鳞芽方向控制环节关键要素与正芽率、正芽效率等性能指标的互作关系，提出大蒜鳞芽方向有效控制策略，将进种、定种、排种等大蒜鳞芽方向控制环节结构优化，探索鳞芽方向控制新机构，最大限度提高控制可靠性；研发一种新型大蒜鳞芽方向控制装置；补充大蒜鳞芽方向控制机构设计理论，突破大蒜播种装备技术瓶颈，促进大蒜产业发展。

针对大蒜鳞芽方向控制机理不明晰，关键工作机构设计理论不完善，鳞芽物理特征使用单一，致使大蒜鳞芽方向控制策略构建失效，播种机具正芽功能弱化的难题，本项目在前期应用芽尖细长特征基础上，串联使用大蒜鳞芽重心靠下特征进行方向控制，并对其控制过程、机理及机构开展研究。建立了大蒜鳞芽定向过程中的运动学和动力学模型，揭示了机械式大蒜鳞芽方向串联控制机理，探明了大蒜鳞芽方向控制各环节要素对控制性能指标的影响机制，阐明了有效大蒜鳞芽方向控制策略构建方法，项目研究结果为原创型机械式大蒜鳞芽方向控制装置设计开发奠定坚实的理论基础。项目研发的新型护种槽和大蒜播种系统，面对杂交蒜时正芽率提高近5个百分点，初步解决了杂交蒜正芽播种难题。项目成果已在实际生产中推广应用，有效促进了中国大蒜机械化播种技术的发展。