多因素影响下采煤机滑靴与导轨间粘滑-碰撞行为机理研究

The main reasons for the abrasion and fracture of the support plate and pin row of shearer are the stick slip characteristic and collision between the support plate and guide rail. By researching the dynamics behavior of coal particles under the coarse parallel shearing action, the three-body collision model is established, and the three bodies refer to the support plate, the coal particles and the guide rail. The coal particles interface action mechanism between the support plate and guide rail is determined by experiment validation. The mathematical model of the clearance-included multi-surface contact between the guiding support and pin row is set up, and the criterion for the collision state is constructed. The contact dynamics model between the guiding support and pin row is established, the contact mechanism between the guiding support plate and pin row is revealed by experiment validation. The actual roller loads are measured, the roller stimulus model is set up by reconstructing the load data. The influence of the roller load to the dynamics behavior between the support plate and pin row is revealed by the experiment validation. The actual route shape characteristics of scraper conveyor are measured, and the route shape stimulus is set up and is introduced to the dynamics model of the entire machine. The dynamic characteristics variation law between the support plate and guide rail under different working conditions and different operation parameters is analyzed, the stick slip collisiont mechanism between the support plate and guide rail is revealed, which provides the theoretical support for the promotion and structure optimal design of shearer.

采煤机滑靴与导轨间的粘滑-碰撞行为是引起滑靴和销排发生磨损、断裂的根本原因。项目通过研究粗糙平行剪切板作用下煤粉的动力学行为，建立滑靴-煤粉层-导轨间的三体接触模型，通过实验验证，明确煤粉颗粒在滑靴与导轨间的界面粘滑作用机制；建立导向滑靴与销排间含间隙多面接触几何的数学模型，制定粘滑碰撞状态的判断准则，构建导向滑靴与销排接触碰撞动力学模型，通过实验验证，揭示导向滑靴与销排间的接触-碰撞机理；实测滚筒载荷，通过对载荷数据重构建立滚筒激励模型，考虑摇臂柔性、滑靴与导轨间三体粘滑摩擦和碰撞特征，建立采煤机整机动力学模型，通过实验验证，揭示滚筒载荷对滑靴-导轨间动力学行为的影响规律；实测刮板输送机线路形态特征，构建线路形态激励并将其引入整机动力学模型，分析不同工况、运行参数下滑靴与导轨间的动态特性变化规律，揭示采煤机滑靴与导轨间粘滑-碰撞行为机理，为提高采煤机的动态特性及结构优化设计提供理论支撑。

采煤机滑靴与导轨间的相互作用是一个由多因素引起的时变三体摩擦和多面含间隙碰撞共同作用下的力学行为，这种行为直接影响采煤机工作稳定性和可靠性，为揭示复杂工况下大跨度多点过约束支撑采煤机与刮板输送机间的力学行为机理，首次提出了煤粉界面影响下采煤机滑靴与导轨间的三体接触摩擦模型，提出了采用几何学理论建立导向滑靴与销排间三维多面含间隙结构的数学模型和矢量模型，制定了导向滑靴与销排间三维多面粘滑-碰撞的判断准则，获得了采煤机与刮板输送机间的横、纵向刚度和阻尼变化规律；构建了采煤机正常截割、俯仰、侧倾、斜切四种工况下的采煤机动力学模型，获得了复杂工况下采煤机整机力学特性变化规律，发现了刮板输送机线路形态弯曲是影响采煤机工作稳定性的主要因素，滑靴与中部槽间的粘滑摩擦是采煤机低速喘振的主要诱因，创建了煤矿井下复杂工况下设备-设备-环境间关联力学理论体系，揭示了多源载荷在成套装备间的传递特性和响应特征，从理论上阐述了低速重载关联工作设备群力学耦合机制，解决了机械结构优化和疲劳寿命分析无数据和理论支撑的难题，形成了采掘成套装备力学耦合优化设计方法与技术。研究成果在煤炭学报、振动与冲击等期刊发表学术论文13篇；授权发明专利2项；培养硕博士研究生7名；出版学术专著2部；获2019年度获得中国职业安全健康协会科技进步一等奖1项。