中国北方三趾马的研究

In this project, morphological observation and comparison, multivariate statistic analysis will be performed on research of new and unreported specimens of hipparion horses in northern China, classical collections of hipparion horses in northern China will be rediscovered and systematically revised. Morphologic characters and measurements of the referring specimens will be collected to modify and improve the current phylogenetic matrix of hipparion horses, referred to phylogenetic matrix of other equid groups. Phylogenetic analysis will be performed with the new character matrix, in order to obtain the most reasonable result of phylogenetic and evolutionary status of hipparion horses in northern China based on current specimens. The hipparion horses potentially related with Chinese hipparion horses, such as those from South Asia, western Eurasia and North America will be studied and compared with Chinese species, in order to study the distribution and migration of hipparion horses. Measurement, morphological comparison and CT scan will be performed on the elements of hipparion horses which can be indicator for environment, such as limbs and teeth. Based on results of research above, a comprehensive analysis will be performed on climate and tectonic events, in order to establish a systematic theory including evolution, zoogeography and geology.

本项目采用形态观察对比、测量数据多元统计分析等方法对中国北方三趾马新材料以及未报道材料进行系统整理和研究，对中国北方三趾马经典材料进行重新对比和分类修订。采集所涉及材料的形态特征和测量数据，参考其他马科动物系统发育研究成果，完善三趾马系统发育分析矩阵，对本项目所研究的门类进行系统发育分析，以期获得中国北方三趾马及其相关类群演化和发育的最合理情况。研究和对比与中国北方三趾马有潜在亲缘关系的南亚、欧亚大陆西部和北美三趾马类群，研究三趾马的分布和迁徙情况，利用测量、形态对比和CT扫描等手段研究对环境有指示性作用的三趾马肢骨和牙齿标本，对相关的气候环境和地质事件进行整合分析，建立起包含生物演化、动物地理、地质事件的全方位系统理论体系。

本项目采用形态观察对比、测量数据多元统计分析等方法对中国北方三趾马新材料以及未报道材料进行系统整理和研究，对中国北方三趾马经典材料进行了重新对比和分类修订。采集所涉及材料的形态特征和测量数据，参考其他马科动物系统发育研究成果，完善了三趾马系统发育分析矩阵，对本项目所研究的门类进行了系统发育分析，获得了中国北方三趾马及其相关类群演化和发育的新结果。研究和对比了与中国北方三趾马有潜在亲缘关系的南亚、欧亚大陆西部和北美三趾马类群，研究三趾马的分布和迁徙情况，利用测量、形态对比和统计等手段研究对环境有指示性作用的三趾马肢骨，对相关的气候环境和地质事件进行整合分析，在生物演化、动物地理、地质事件等方面对欧亚大陆三趾马进行了系统讨论。此外，对三趾马动物群伴生动物的研究也为三趾马演化的研究提供了一些新的启示。