交流电晕放电可听噪声的声源时域模型与计算方法研究

With the rapid development of the power grid, the corona-generated audible noise (AN) from the high voltage alternate current (HVAC) transmission lines has become the main factor that should be considered in the design of the transmission lines. Besides, the increase of people’s awareness of environmental protection also promotes the investigations of the corona-generated AN. Due to the complexity of the generation mechanism of the AC corona-generated AN, there have been no numerical model and quantitative method for simulating the sound source from AC corona discharge. At present, the empirical formulas obtained by the long-term frequency measurement are still used to predict the AN from AC transmission lines. In this project, the time-domain measurement method is employed to measure and analyze the time-domain characteristics of corona-generated AN from AC corona discharge. First, an effective de-noising method and an accurate inversion method to obtain the sound source characteristics are developed through experiments and theoretical analysis. Then, the statistical characteristics of sound source from AC corona discharge in time-domain are carefully analyzed. The influences of conductor parameters, instantaneous voltage of AC voltage and aeolian noise on the time and frequency domains characteristics of AC corona-generated AN are analyzed. And a stochastic model is proposed to simulate the sound source. Finally, the correlation between the AN and corona current in time and frequency domains is obtained through experiments. Besides, with the aid of numerical method, the AC corona-generated space charges and electric field will be analyzed in detail for obtaining the quantitative expression for the sound source and AC corona discharge. Furthermore, the project will try to establish a time-domain calculation method for the AC corona-generated AN. Through the work finished in this project, it can promote the understanding of the fundamental investigations of AC corona-generated sound source, providing a new prediction method for the corona-generated AN from HVAC transmission lines.

随着我国电网建设的快速发展及人们环保意识的增强，交流电晕放电产生的可听噪声问题已成为交流输电线路设计必须要解决的问题。由于交流电晕放电可听噪声产生机理的复杂性，一直缺乏反映声源特性的数学模型和定量表述方法，使得交流输电线路可听噪声的预测计算还停留在依据经验公式层面上。为此，本项目采用可听噪声的时域测试方法，通过时域测量和理论分析，研究交流电晕放电可听噪声的背景噪声剔除方法及声源反演方法；研究交流电晕放电可听噪声的声源时域特性，以及导线结构、交流瞬时电压及风噪声对交流电晕放电可听噪声时频特性的影响，建立声源的数学模型；研究电晕电流和可听噪声的时频的关联关系，以及交流电晕放电空间电场及空间电荷的分布特性，提出声源与电晕放电之间的定量表述方法，并提出交流电晕放电可听噪声的时域计算方法。通过本项目的研究，力争在交流电晕放电可听噪声的声源特性的研究上有所突破，为可听噪声的准确预测提供新的计算方法。

项目采用实验研究与理论分析相结合的分析方法，按照研究计划和研究内容开展研究，完成了预期目标。取得的主要成果如下：. （1）搭建了交流电晕放电可听噪声与电晕电流可听噪声时域测试平台，测量获得了单点及导线电晕放电可听噪声时域特性，提出了可听噪声背景噪声时域剔除方法，实现了可听噪声特性的准确分析；. （2）获得了交流电晕放电可听噪声时域波形参数统计特性，掌握了交流电晕放电可听噪声纯音特性及影响因素，揭示了交流电晕放电可听噪声与电晕电流时频关联关系；. （3）结合交流电晕放电可听噪声时域波形特征，采用信号处理方法，揭示了交流电压对交流可听噪声脉冲的调制作用，结合交流电晕放电空间电荷产生及分布特性，揭示了交流电晕放电可听噪声纯音分量的产生机制：交流调制作用以及离子周期性迁移作用；. （4）在实验室内测量获得了交流电晕放电可听噪声传播特性，建立了单点电晕放电可听噪声传播模型，重点分析了脉冲噪声产生的纯音分量以及离子迁移噪声产生的纯音分量的传播特性，通过实验验证了传播模型的有效性；. （5）结合交流电晕放电可听噪声时域统计特性，建立了交流电晕放电声源随机计算模型，再结合传播模型，提出了交流电晕放电可听噪声时域随机计算方法，实现了空间位置交流电晕放电可听噪声时域及频域特性的计算。.通过研究，培养硕士生5人（在读1人），发表SCI收录论文5篇、EI收录论文4篇，授权发明专利1项，获2019年中国电力科学技术进步奖一等奖1项（12/15）。.