儿童手写运动促进中英文感知的认知神经机制

With the prevalence of keyboard typewriting, the ignorance of handwriting causes “handwriting crisis”, which in turn desperates children’s writing development. There is an urgent call for enhancing the children’s handwriting ability. Visual perception skill is the basic for handwriting ability. "Handwriting movement" refers to a variety of categories and units of handwriting output, such as letters, graphics or numbers that can be perceived. Whether handwriting could facilitate perception is one of world’s cutting-edge research questions. The current proposal targets Chinese Grade 2-3 children who are at the critical period of handwriting development. Through the behavior，ERP-EEG and fMRI data, the proposal aims to explore cognitive and neural mechanism of the handwriting facilitating effect of English Words and Chinese characters in Children. Based on the previous studies of our research team, the project will continue investigating ①whether centralized or decentralized handwriting movement could facilitate the perception of Chinese characters and English letters; ②whether text or shape could enhance internal mechanism perception in Chinese or English ; ③using both words and sub-word dimensions, we will explore the conditions under which handwriting could promote the letter or character perception. The project will establish the language-general and language specific principles of the handwriting facilitating effect on the perception of English words and Chinese characters, revealing its cognitive mechanism, neural indicators and brain localization, and establishing theoretical foundations for the enhancement program of Chinese children's writing skills.

随着电脑和手机键盘输入法的盛行，“手写危机（即手写能力弱化）”现象愈加严重，儿童对文字的书写和感知能力越来越下降，通过“手写运动”促进儿童文字的视觉感知能力成为迫切的时代课题。“手写运动”是指用手产出各种文字图形数字等符号且能被感知的活动。其中，视觉感知技能是最基本的要素。本项目在前期研究基础上，以中国2-3年级儿童为主要研究对象，采集视觉感知的行为、ERPs及fMRI 数据，探讨手写运动促进中英文感知（简称“手写促进效应”）的认知神经机制。重点研究①集中和分散手写是否能促进文字的视觉感知；②设计文字和图形两种感知范畴，探讨手写促进效应的内在机理；③使用词汇和亚词汇两个层面，探讨手写促进效应的发生条件。最终将形成手写促进效应的跨语言普适性及语言特异性理论，揭示手写促进效应的认知机制、神经指标和脑区定位，进而为制定中国儿童书写能力提升计划提供理论基础。

儿童手写运动的中英文促进文字感知是结合儿童语言发展学、语言认知科学、神经科学及其统计学习理论的一个实证研究，经过一系列的实证研究，进行了10多个实验，发表了七篇国际高水平论文和国内十一篇CSSCI论文，成果共计18篇，对本命题“何种机制如何促进“文字感知，总结出了一套完整的科学规律，（1）发挥统计学习规律提升文字感知迁移敏感度（文字感知统计律）；（2）发现文字表象学特征，破译文字符号密码（文字感知破译律）;(3)提升跨语言迁移转换程度，通达多语言神经认知协同（文字感知协同律）；（4）揭示文字感知特异性，优化特殊人群多通道通达（多通道通达律）；（5）破解神经类脑学习规律，建立意念书写模拟（意念感知模拟律）；（6）吻合早期儿童认知发展，提升文字感知具身力（文字具身感知律）；(7)文字音形义融合，创立语义默认准备律（文字感知融合准备律）。本研究成果，应用前景巨大，下一步深入挖掘每个规律的意义更为重大，市场前景和国防意义显而易见。