不同染色体倍性观赏芍药的遗传差异及亲缘关系研究

Polyploidization in plants is a common phenomenon in nature. Genomic polyploidization is an important factor to propulse the genetic evolution of plants. Herbaceous peony, as our country traditional famous flower, is also a new flower with much attention in the world. Besides rich germplasm resources, it has complex ploidy, not only a lot of diploids, but has a considerable number of polyploids. These polyploids own the excellent ornamental properties of great flowers and bright colors, and significant advantages such as upright stalks, long ornamental period, strong resistance and so on. Therefore, they are gained highly preference from the breeding experts. With a number of different ploidy germplasm resources , collected from home and abroad, the research on cytogenics and construct the chromosome karyotype diagram will be carried out. On that basis, the DNA polymorphism , genetic differences，relationship and classifications of these ploidy materials will be explored by SSR molecular markers, in order to reveal the types of polyploids, occurrence mode and genetic effects of polyploidization.This research will provide theoretical evidence for choosing the excellent polyploid varieties and parental selection on breeding.

植物染色体组的多倍化是自然界中普遍存在的现象，是推进植物遗传演化的重要因素。观赏芍药经过长期的人工杂交育种，形成复杂的遗传组成和染色体倍性。其中我国传统芍药资源库中缺乏的多倍体新种质，因其具有观赏价值高、生态适应性强的特点，正成为育种学家、园林学家的新宠，对其遗传学背景的研究尤显迫切。本研究利用课题组多年收集的国内外不同倍性芍药新种质，开展形态学比较、细胞学鉴定、分子遗传学研究，揭示其染色体核型特征及染色体遗传多样性，为利用染色体资料指导同源染色体加倍、人工异源多倍体合成、远缘杂交育种等技术施用，提供细胞学依据；同时，探索多倍体芍药品种及部分野生近缘种的遗传背景、亲缘关系、品种起源、系统演化等问题，为芍药种质资源鉴定、保护和利用提供理论依据，为选育观赏品质更优、多倍体效应和杂交优势更强的人工多倍体新品种打下理论基础。

植物染色体组的多倍化是自然界中普遍存在的现象，是推进植物遗传演化的重要因素。观赏芍药经过长期的人工杂交育种，形成复杂的遗传组成和染色体倍性。其中我国传统芍药资源库中缺乏的多倍体新种质，因其具有观赏价值高、生态适应性强的特点，正成为育种学家、园林学家的新宠，对其遗传学背景的研究尤显迫切。本研究利用课题组多年收集的国内外不同倍性芍药新种质，开展形态学比较、细胞学鉴定、分子遗传学研究，揭示其染色体核型特征及染色体遗传多样性，为利用染色体资料指导同源染色体加倍、人工异源多倍体合成、远缘杂交育种等技术施用，提供细胞学依据；同时，探索多倍体芍药品种及部分野生近缘种的遗传背景、亲缘关系、品种起源、系统演化等问题，为芍药种质资源鉴定、保护和利用提供理论依据，为选育观赏品质更优、多倍体效应和杂交优势更强的人工多倍体新品种打下理论基础。