高速投射物与粘弹性非生物组织的相互作用机制研究

During the international research works of wound ballistic, the gelatin, which is a kind of viscoelastic non-living tissue stimulant, is widely used to analyze and access the wound effect as an experimental subject, the interaction mechanism during the high speed projectile penetrating into the simulant tissue is mostly researched with the engineering and experiment methods,the theory about the interaction mechanism of projectile penetrating into the gelatin medium is insufficient. In this project,the interaction mechanism of projectile penetrating into gelatin medium will be considered with impact dynamic and viscoelasticity theory to further grasp insight into the physical wound mechanism. Firstly,the dynamic mechanical property of gelatin under different strain rates are measured with the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar method,and the terminal ballistic model is set up to obtain the motion law of the projectile.Then, the moving point source model is created to describe the evolution progress of the cavity. Finally, the theoretical model and numerical simulation of the interaction mechanism are testified by experiments, which will be as a guide for improving the weapon power and body protection and be as theoretical reference to treat and access the traumatic condition.

目前国际上开展的创伤弹道研究中，多采用粘弹性的非生物材料-明胶介质作为实验对象来分析和评估投射物所产生的致伤效应，对投射物侵彻明胶介质的作用机制大都采用工程和实验研究方法，缺乏深入的理论研究。本项目拟结合冲击动力学和粘弹性理论研究投射物与明胶介质的相互作用机制，进一步加深对致伤机理的物理本质认识。首先通过分离式霍普金森杆获取不同应变率条件下明胶材料的动态力学性能参数；其次建立投射物侵彻粘弹性明胶介质的运动模型，获得投射物运动参数变化规律；然后建立基于能量传递的移动点源模型，描述侵彻明胶介质过程中瞬时空腔的演化过程；最后采用数值仿真和实验结果对比验证理论模型，为提高武器威力和设计人体防护装备等提供理论指导，同时也可以为战场伤情评估和治疗提供理论参考。

高速投射物与生物靶标之间的相互作用机理是提高投射物侵彻威力、准确评估创伤、提升人体防护能力的理论基础，弹道明胶作为生物靶标的模拟替代物，用以揭示高速投射物侵彻生物靶标过程的特性及机理。本项目为进一步揭示投射物侵彻明胶材料的机理，开展了三个方面的研究工作：研究明胶材料的动态力学特性；研究投射物侵彻明胶的运动过程及能量耗散情况；研究投射物侵彻明胶的瞬时空腔。经过4年时间的研究，实验研究获得了明胶不同应变率下的压缩应力应变曲线，并以ZWT模型为基础建立了明胶的本构模型；研究了用于软质材料动态性能测试的空心霍普金森压杆技术，获得了空心透射杆内信号增益的机理，发现了透射波的延时性失真，并研究了修正方法；研究了空心透射杆在冲击加载下端面变形与透射波振荡扰动间的定量关系，并研究了规避扰动的方法；建立了菱形破片、球形破片、枪弹侵彻明胶的运动模型，分析了影响侵彻效果的主要因素；建立了步枪弹、菱形破片的瞬时空腔模型；运用裂纹法研究了裂纹总体积与能量耗散的定量关系。项目研究的成果对于理解投射物侵彻明胶的过程有重要的指导作用，对枪弹设计、创伤评估等领域的发展有重要的推动意义，对于软质材料动态力学性能测试技术发展有一定的贡献。