流出物中放射性核素对敏感水生动物的辐射影响

Despite the consensus and ICRP recommendation of the concept that the radiation protection of non-human species has been put forward for more than 10 years, the research on the radiological protection of non-human species has not progressed very well at home and abroad..In order to make better use of ionizing radiation and to protect the ecological environment, it is urgent and necessary to carry out the research on radiation effects of non-human species. Nuclear facilities are represented by nuclear power, and aquatic animals are typical of non-human species involved in the vicinity of nuclear power plants. Thus, the scientific hypothesis of this subject is formed: The radionuclides of the nuclear power are englobed by aquatic animals, accumulated and transferred, resulting in biological effects, causing the survival and reproduction change of related species, thus affecting aquatic ecosystems. To that end, we intend to select Qinshan nuclear power Plant as the spot combining with the laboratory work to carry out three aspects of the study: 1. Study on aquatic animal ecology in adjacent waters of Qinshan nuclear power plant; 2. Measurement and evaluation of radionuclides in water samples and aquatic animals; 3. Study on the toxicity of radionuclides in aquatic animals. Through the research of this subject, the assessment of radiation impact on aquatic animals in the vicinity of Qinshan nuclear power plant will be completed, which provides abundant theoretical accumulation for the radiation protection of non-human species, and provides ecological basis and suggestion for the sustainable development of nuclear power plants.

尽管大家形成共识、ICRP正式提出非人类物种放射防护的概念已过去了十多年，但纵观国内外，非人类物种的放射防护研究进展不大。为了更好的利用电离辐射，又能保护生态环境，系统地开展非人类物种的辐射影响研究迫切且必要。核设施的代表是核电站，而水生动物是核电站周围涉及的非人类物种的典型代表。由此，形成本课题的科学假说：核电站流出物放射性核素进入敏感水生动物体内，蓄积转移，产生生物学效应，引起相关物种的生存和繁衍变化，从而影响水生生态系统。为此，我们选择秦山核电站作为现场，结合实验室工作，拟开展三个方面的研究：1.秦山核电站邻近水域水生动物生态研究；2.采样水体及代表种水生动物体内放射性核素的测量及评价；3.水生动物的放射性核素毒性效应研究。通过本课题的研究，完成对秦山核电站邻近水域代表种水生动物的辐射影响评价，为非人类物种的放射防护提供丰富的理论积累，为核电的可持续发展提供生态学依据和建议

本课题研究内容分三个部分进行：1. 在秦山核电站邻近水域布设检测点和取样站, 研究秦山核电站邻近水域浮游动物和底栖动物生态；2. 采样水体及代表种水生动物体内放射性核素的剂量估算及评价；3. 代表种水生动物和水体模式动物的放射毒性效应研究。通过本课题的研究，调查了秦山核电站邻近水域浮游动物和底栖动物的生态状况，完成对秦山核电站邻近水域代表种水生动物的辐射影响评价，初步探讨放射性核素在代表种水生动物和水体模式动物的剂量累积及毒性效应。经与秦山核电近几年常规监测结果比较，本次环境调查结显示类同的变化趋势。除了氚核素在各取样介质中能普遍检测到活度外，其余人工放射性核素基本处在探测限以下或电厂运行前的本底涨落范围内。同时建立了模式生物斑马鱼多种发育阶段的可计算模型，计算了斑马鱼全身剂量系数，并初步应用于辐射剂量评估中，证实了为非人类物种建立具有内部器官可计算模型的必要性，为今后更加深入的探究辐射生物学效应提供了科学依据。生物毒性实验结果发现，氚水会诱发斑马鱼孵化率下降、行为运动能力下降、幼鱼心脏发育畸形等，并经高通量RNA-Seq测序筛选参与氚水毒性效应的关键基因，为深入研究氚水诱发斑马鱼毒性效应的机制提供思路。本课题的完成，为系统评价核电流出物对环境的影响提供了坚实的理论计算模型和丰富的实验依据，具有重要的科学意义。