超低电压微型无线传感器供电集成电路研究

The micro-wireless sensors will be functioning as the nerve endings in the era of the Internet of Things in future. It will be found everywhere around us and constantly transfer information collected from the outside to the information processing centre. However, the power supply technology has become the bottleneck that constrains its extensive use and industrialization. Because in many of its practical applications, the adoption of alternating current or battery has proven to be so inconvenient or impossible, such as in occasions of being in the wilderness or application in the interior of wall or human body. Thus, there has emerged an interdisciplinary technology of integrated circuit (IC) and micro-electromachanical system (MEMS), i.e. the technology for envirionmental energy harvesting and management, which consists of the MEMS for energy collection and conversion, as well as the IC technology of utra-low-voltage for power supply startup and management. At present, the research in this field is still in embryonic stage our the country , with a large gap behind the western world. This project investigates the IC technology of environmental energy harvesting and management, aiming at solving the key problems of utra-low-voltage startup (several tens mV), utra-low-power operation (total current less than 10uA), and high-efficiency energy conversion (>80%), making contributions to the development of new generation information & new energy technology and the promotion of its industrialization in China.

微型无线传感器是未来物联网时代的神经末梢，它将无处不在并不断地把感知世界的信息传递给信息处理中心。然而，给微型无线传感器供电成了制约它广泛应用和产业化的瓶颈，因为在许许多多的情况下，如荒郊野外、墙体人体内部等，使用交流电或者电池并不方便甚至不可能。于是，一门新兴的集成电路与微机电交叉技术- - 环境能量收集与管理应运而生。环境能量收集与管理技术包括从环境中收集与转换能量的微机电技术和超低电压电源启动与管理集成电路技术，我国在这一领域的研究和产业化尚处于萌芽阶段，落后于欧美等发达国家，因此，本项目针对环境能量收集与管理中的电源管理集成电路技术展开研究，解决其中的极低电压启动（几十mV）、极低功耗工作（总电流10μA以下）、高效率能量转换（>80%）等关键问题，为我国新一代信息技术和新能源技术及其产业化做出开创性的贡献。

微小环境能量收集与管理技术是从环境中收集与转换能量并转换为微电子器件能使用的直流电源。它在在许许多多的情况下，如荒郊野外、墙体人体内部等，使用交流电或者电池并不方便得到广泛应用。. 微小环境能量收集与管理，主要解决低电压启动和低功耗运行以及高效率转换问题。针对这些问题，我们研究了电源管理芯片从环境中收集能量并转换成给微电子器件供电的理论和方法，创新性提出了DC—AC-DC的低电压启动方式，使得微小的太阳能、温差电能，转换成微电子器件能够使用的低功耗电源；我们研究并设计了一 款极低功耗无片外电容低压差线性稳压器芯片，进行了计算机仿真模拟、版图设计、投片生产及样片测试，测试结果达到了预期设计目标。. 我们研究了无线电能量采集与转换。针对磁感应无线电能传输的效率最大化、电容补偿提高传输效率、耦合系数与频率对传输效率的影响等问题，给出了取得最大效率的负载阻抗值。.我们探索了振动能量的收集与转换。针对电磁式微型发电机的输出电压进行整流，提出并设计了新型有源整流器，以达到超低输入电压、低功耗且高效的目的。提出并设计boost变换器，将上述整流器电压升高到可以供微型传感器使用。对电路进行了仿真优化，仿真结果表明达到了将一个500mV的直流电压升压到1.8V的直流电压的设计目标。