Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a small and nonenveloped DNA virus,the replication site is the nucleus. Nuclear membrane is a barrier to PPV infection, however, the mechanisms of PPV nuclear transport remain unclear. PPV DNA replication is a complex process, requiring the synergistic effects of proteins encoded by the virus, in which the nonstructural protein NS1 plays a pivotal role. Our studies showed that NS1 was a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein. This proposal is aimed to: 1) assay the subcellular localization signals and the key amino acids of PPV NS1 protein; 2) generate a series of chimeric viruses, in which the region(s) or site(s) of PPV NS1 protein was mutated, and evaluate the ability of viral replication in porcine kidney cells (PK-15) or swine testicular cells (ST); 3) screen and identify the nuclear transport receptor proteins interacting with PPV NS1 protein by co-immunoprecipitation and GST pulldown; 4) verify the process of nuclear import and identify the dependent nuclear import signaling pathway by in vitro nuclear import assays; 5) investigate the influences of nuclear transport signaling pathway to PPV replication using drug, overexpression or small RNA interference (siRNA) experiment. This project is expected to uncover the molecular mechanisms of nuclear transport of PPV NS1 protein. It has important scientific significance for further understanding the replication mechanism of PPV.
猪细小病毒(PPV)是无囊膜的单链DNA病毒,其复制场所是细胞核。细胞的核膜是影响PPV感染的一道屏障,目前,对PPV出、入核的转运机制并不清楚。PPV DNA复制是一个复杂的过程,需要病毒编码蛋白协同参与,其中非结构蛋白1(NS1)发挥关键作用。我们的研究指出NS1是一个核质穿梭蛋白,本项目拟分析PPV NS1蛋白的亚细胞定位信号及其关键性氨基酸,以此为依据构建突变体病毒,然后在细胞水平比较亲本和突变体病毒复制能力的差异;通过免疫共沉淀和GST pull down试验,确定协助NS1蛋白出、入核所需的核转运受体蛋白;通过体外试验,验证PPV NS1蛋白的入核过程及其依赖的入核转运信号通路;通过药物、过表达或小RNA干扰(siRNA)试验,明确出、入核信号通路对PPV复制的影响。本研究可望揭示PPV NS1蛋白的核转运的分子机制,对深入理解PPV的复制机制具有重要科学意义。
非结构蛋白1(NS1)是PPV主要的非结构蛋白,在PPV复制过程中起着重要作用。本研究中,我们首次验证了NS1在细胞核和细胞质之间的动态穿梭,尽管其亚细胞定位主要出现在细胞核中。NS1在283-291和602-608氨基酸处有两个核输出信号(nuclear export signal, NES),分别命名为NES1和NES2。NES1和NES2是功能性和可转移的NES,其核输出活性被leptomycin B(LMB)阻断,说明NS1是通过CRM1途径出核的。此外,截短和缺失突变分析表明NS1在256-274氨基酸处含有一个双分型的核定位信号(nuclear localization signal, NLS)。免疫共沉淀试验表明NS1与核输入受体蛋白α5(importin α5)和α7(importin α7)有相互作用。 CRM1、importin α5和α7过表达显著促进了PPV的复制,而CRM1和importin α/β介导的信号转导被特异性抑制剂(LMB、Importazole和Ivermectin)抑制时则抑制了PPV的复制。 此外,利用反向遗传学方法发现,当缺失NESs或NLS基序时不能拯救出病毒,说明NLS和NESs对PPV的复制至关重要。 综上所述,NS1是一个核质穿梭蛋白,它的出核依赖于CRM1信号通路,而入核则依赖于importin α/β介导的核输入信号通路,如果阻断NS1的核输入或输出,则PPV的增殖受到抑制。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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