两种蟑螂浓核病毒的致病机制和宿主特异性研究

Viral infection induces the innate immune response of insects and affects the development of hosts, which are viral pathogenic mechanism in commonality. Meanwhile, insect virus also shows host specificity. In general, insect virus can only infect one or several similar insects. Periplaneta fuliginosa densonucleosis virus(PfDNV) and Blattella germanica densovirus (BgDNV) are two typical species of cockroache densovirus. Their genomic structures are similar but their sequences are quite different. These two viruses also behave the similar pathogenic effect on host insect. However, they have different hosts respectively belonges to genus Periplaneta and Blattella. Using these cockroache densoviruses as models, we propose to study the commonality of virus pathogenesis in immunity and development, and elucidate the molecular basis of their host specificity. The accomplishment of this project can not only deepen our cognition on viral pathogenic mechanism, but also extend our understanding of the relationship between virus and host. Futhermore, the successful of this project will provide guidance for the application of green pesticides to sanitary pests, and have a wide application prospect.

昆虫病毒入侵昆虫后，激发宿主天然免疫应答，影响宿主发育过程，它们的致病机制具有共性；同时昆虫病毒还具有宿主特异性，通常只能感染某种或几种近源昆虫。黑胸大蠊浓核病毒和德国小蠊浓核病毒是两种典型蟑螂浓核病毒，两者基因组编码基因的组织近似但序列差异较大。它们对宿主昆虫的致病效应一致，而宿主分别为大蠊属和小蠊属、特异性显著。我们拟以这两种蟑螂浓核病毒为模型，从昆虫的免疫和发育入手研究病毒致病机制的共性，并阐明两种病毒宿主特异性的分子基础。本项目的研究成果既可加深我们对于病毒致病机制的认知，扩宽我们对于病毒与宿主相互关系的认识，还可为蟑螂浓核病毒用于卫生害虫的绿色杀虫剂提供指导，具有广泛的应用前景。

昆虫病毒入侵昆虫后，激发宿主天然免疫应答，影响宿主发育过程，它们的致病机制具有共性；同时昆虫病毒还具有宿主特异性，通常只能感染某种或几种近源昆虫。黑胸大蠊浓核病毒和德国小蠊浓核病毒是两种典型蟑螂浓核病毒，两者基因组编码基因的组织近似但序列差异较大。它们对宿主昆虫的致病效应一致，而宿主分别为大蠊属和小蠊属、特异性显著。我们以这两种蟑螂浓核病毒为模型，从昆虫的免疫和发育入手研究了病毒致病机制的共性，部分揭示了两种病毒宿主特异性的分子基础并发现了蟑螂病毒与宿主细胞凋亡的密切联系。我们在病毒感染-细胞凋亡调控-生长发育调控领域取得了大量进展，其中不少机制不仅在蟑螂中保守存在，而且在果蝇等其他昆虫中保守存在。此外，除细胞凋亡通路外，我们还发现了NF-kappaB 通路的下游基因defensin在病毒感染过程中发挥的重要作用。这些研究成果加深了我们对于病毒致病机制的认知，扩宽我们对于病毒与宿主相互关系的认识，还可为蟑螂浓核病毒用于卫生害虫的绿色杀虫剂提供指导，具有广泛的应用前景。