具有“水下超疏水”功能表面的结构、组成综合设计以及防污性能研究

Investigation on antifouling surfaces is a hotspot full of challenges. Since the environmental benignity arouses more and more attentions, it's a new direction in this field to develop novel, efficient, broad-spectrum techniques.In this project, under-water superhydrophobicity is put forward to guide the design of antifouling surfaces. That is, the retentive air layer between the solid and air phases would act as a barrier for the fouling coming to the surface.What's more, construction and composition are considered as two principal factors for antifouling design here. Guided by this, micro-structured surfaces with an under-water air-retention property would be prepared in such a process: 1) micro-structured surfaces with tunable roughness can be prepared with a template-assisted method; 2) fluorinated silane is used to modify the whole structure to make a more hydrophobic structure; 3) the top of the structure would turn into local hydrophilicity under local ultraviolet radiation. Next, the micro-structured surface would be further modified with antifouling chemical groups to obtain an antifouling function both constructively and compositionally. The synergistic effect of these two factors would be investigated in detail. Through this project, excellent antifouling property would be obtained with the integration of construction and composition design. A new method of designing antifouling surfaces and a better understanding of correlation between constructive, compositional factors and final antifouling property are provided.

材料表面防污一直以来都是一个研究难点。开发绿色、高效、广谱化的防污新方法和新途径是该领域发展的热点和风向标。本申请课题以"水下超疏水"为创新思路和基础科学问题研究的出发点-利用水下固-液两相间的空气滞留层隔绝污损物与表面的接触，从而达到防污目的。 紧紧抓住表界面结构与组成两大基本要素作为设计源头-利用模板法构筑粗糙度可控的微结构表面，进一步用氟硅烷对微结构内部进行疏水化处理，顶部进行局部紫外辐照做亲水化处理，获得水下能够稳定保持空气滞留层的微结构表面；对微结构表面进行化学组成优化设计，将防污功能基团修饰到微结构上，获得结构、组成双重防污的功能表面，并考察结构、组成两大因素的协同效应。拟通过合理的结构与组成设计，制备综合性能优异、广谱防污表面。预期通过本课题研究，为探索制备防污功能表面提供新思路，加强对表界面结构、组成因素与防污功能之间相关性的理解和规律性的掌控。

本项目围绕表界面结构构筑与组成调控两大基本要素，开展了粗糙度可控的微结构构筑方法研究，基于微结构和表面能获得了特殊浸润性功能表面，特别研究了其耐溶剂、耐磨、耐油、耐血液等性能，为其服役持久奠定基础；以网桶为模型，详细研究了网孔尺寸、表面疏水程度、液体表面张力对其水下超疏水性能（耐静水压）的影响，以及水下超疏油和油下超疏水特性，并利于该特性实现了含油污水的分离；进一步，通过纳米结构和化学抗菌的协同效应得了优异防污抗菌功能材料。本项目研究为制备特殊浸润性微结构防污功能表面提供新思路，加深了对表界面结构、组成因素与防污功能之间相关性的理解。研究成果发表文章6篇，申请专利4项。